FULL Science Mid-Unit Test

- Bella + Bel

What does the KMT include that the Particle Model doesn’t?

How matter behaves when the kinetic energy of the particles change.

What is kinetic energy?

The energy of motion

What does the KMT explain?

1. What happens to matter when the kinetic energy of particles changes.

2. The difference between solids, liquids, and gases.

What is the 1st part of the KMT?

All matter is made up of very small particles.

What is the 2nd part of the KMT?

There is empty space between particles.

What is the 3rd part of the KMT?

Particles are constantly moving. In liquids and gases, they are colliding with each other and with the walls of their container.

What is the 4th part of the KMT?

Energy makes particles move.

How do particles of a solid move?

They are so tightly packed together they can only vibrate.

How do particles of a liquid move?

They can move by sliding past eachother because they are farther apart.

How do particles of a gas move?

They move around quickly by bouncing off each other or the walls because they are very far apart.

Particles in __________________ objects have _________________ kinetic energy, and their particles simply vibrate back and forth.

solid, low

Particles in __________________ objects have _________________ kinetic energy and move faster.

gas, high

What is an atom?

The basic building block of matter

Examples of elements

sodium, gold, oxygen

What is a compound?

A pure substance composed of the atoms of at least 2 different elements combined in a specific way.

Examples of compounds

carbon dioxide, water, organic molecule

Gold is a(n)…

element

Sugar is a(n)…

Compound

What is a physical property of matter?

A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing its chemical identity.

What are the types of physical properties?

Qualitative and Quantitative

What are the characteristics of Qualitative Properties?

no measurements, descriptive words

What are the characteristics of Quantitative Properties?

measurable, assigned a value

What are three qualitative properties of this carrot?

orange body, rough texture, green leaf

What are three qualitative properties of this ring?

shiny, gold base, diamond at the top

Texture is…

qualitative

Viscosity (a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow) is…

quantitative

Density is…

quantitative

Malleability (the quality of something that can be shaped into something else without breaking) is…

qualitative

Odour is…

qualitative

Ductility (the ability of a material to sustain significant plastic deformation before fracture) is…

qualitative

Brittleness (a material's tendency to break or fracture when stressed) is…

qualitative

Conductivity (the degree to which a specified material conducts electricity) is…

quantitative

Temperature is…

quantitative

Solubility (the ability of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance (referred to as the solute) to dissolve in solvent (usually a liquid) and form a solution) is…

quantitative

Mass is…

quantitative

Boiling point is…

quantitative

Colour is…

qualitative

Hardness is…

qualitative

Luster (how a mineral's surface reflects light) is…

qualitative

What is an element?

only one type of atom

Matter is anything that has ____ and ______

mass and volume

Mass is defined as __________

the amount of matter in a substance

Volume is defined as __________

the amount of space a substance or an object occupies

What is the basic unit of matter?

atom

Atoms are made of….

protons, neutrons, and electrons

Neutrons and protons are made of….

quarks

Elements contain….

only one type of atom

Elements can be found in ….

The Periodic Table

Elements can be….

single atoms or molecules

What’s an example of an element?

Oxygen

Compounds contain ….

two or more types of atom (elements)

Compounds can be…

molecules or giant structures

A chemical change is a…

change in matter that occurs when substances combine to form new substances

What is a new substance?

A substance that has different properties from those of the original substance

Most chemical changes are…

irreversible (but not all)

Physical changes are …

reversible

Water boiling is a _____ change

physical

Making toast is a ______ change

chemical

Signs of a chemical reaction:

precipation (solid formed from 2 liquids), bubbles/fizzing, colour change, temperature change, light/heat given off

What are the 4 states of matter?

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

Solids have a….

definite shape and volume

Liquids take the shape of its….

container/surroundings

Liquids have a….

definite volume

Liquids form a ____ in its container

surface

The shape and volume of gas is determined by ….

its surroundings

Plasma is an….

ionized gas

______ is an example of plasma

lightning

The ___________ and the _________ combine to form the basis of our understanding of how matter behaves

Particle Model of Matter, Kinetic Molecular Theory

The four main points of the Particle Model of Matter are:

1. All matter is made of very small particles

2. There are spaces between the particles, and the amount of space depends on the state of matter

3. These particles are always moving

4. The particles are attracted to one another. This attraction depends on the type of particle.

Solid —> Liquid

Melting

Liquid —> Solid

Solidification

Liquid —> Gas

Evaporation

Gas —> Liquid

Condensation

Gas —> Plasma

Ionization

Plasma —> Gas

Deionization

Gas —> Solid

Sublimation

Solid —> Gas

Deposition

The atom is made up of _ subatomic particles

3

The symbol for protons is _

p

The symbol for electrons is _

e^-

The symbol for neutrons is _

n

Protons have a charge of _

+1

Neutrons have _____

no charge

Electrons have a charge of _

-1

+ve and -ve charges attract eachother, therefore ____________ attract eachother

protons and electrons

________ are found in the nucleus

Protons and neutrons

______ are found in energy shells

Electrons

________ is a region at the center of the atom

The nucleus

Electrons occupy…..

distinct electron shells/energy levels around the nucleus

The space that electrons take up accounts for ____ of an atom’s volume

99.99%

The mass in matter comes from _____ and ______ in the ______

protons, neutrons, nucleus

Protons have a relative atomic mass of _

1

Neutrons have a relative atomic mass of _

1

Electrons have a relative atomic mass of _

0

The volume of matter comes from ______ in the ________ that surround the nucleus

electrons, energy shells

This atom’s ______ is 6

atomic number

This atom’s ______ is carbon

element name

This atom’s ______ is C

symbol

This atom’s _______ is 12.011

atomic mass

atomic _____ = number of _____ = number of ______

number, protons, electrons