Unit 4 vocab list 2

Iron curtain

A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region

Pan-slavic movement

A Russian attempt to unite all Slavic nations into a commonwealth relationship under the influence of Russia

Al-Qaeda

Islamist terrorist organization that launched a series of attacks against U.S.

Marshall Plan

A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)

International Space Station

A vehicle sponsored by sixteen nations that circles the earth while carrying out experiments

Berlin Wall

A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West

World Bank

A specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to countries for economic development, trade promotion, and debt consolidation. Its formal name is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

World Trade Organization

Administers the rules governing trade between its 144 members. Helps producers, importers, and exporters conduct their business and ensure that trade flows smoothly.

IMF

International Monetary Fund//a United Nations agency to promote trade by increasing the exchange stability of the major currencies

European Union

An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members.

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement; allows open trade with US, Mexico, and Canada.

Five Year Plan

Stalin's economic policy to rebuild the Soviet economy after WWI. tried to improve heavy industry and improve farm output, but resulted in famine

Guomanding

Nationalist party; active in China 1912 to 1949

Containment

American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world

OPEC

An organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum.

Hubble Space Telescope

a space telescope and camera named for a famous astronaut (Edward Hubble) used to study space elements

Glasnost

a policy of the Soviet government allowing freer discussion of social problems

Collectivization

a system in which private farms are eliminated and peasants work land owned by the government

Great Leap Forward

Started by Mao Zedong, combined collective farms into People's Communes, failed because there was no incentive to work harder, ended after 2 years.

Sputnik

First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.

United Nations

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.

Apartheid

Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.

Genocide

Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group

Cold War

A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.

Cuban Missile Crisis

The 1962 confrontation bewteen US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba.

Total War

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

nuclear weapons

Weapons in which the explosive potential is controlled by nuclear fission or fusion.

Proxy War

A war instigated by a major power that does not itself participate

Warsaw Pact

An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries

Non-Aligned Movement

The group of nations that didn't side with either the US or the USSR during the Cold War.

Decolonization

The collapse of colonial empires. Between 1947 and 1962, practically all former colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence.

Taliban

A group of fundamentalist Muslims who took control of Afghanistan's government in 1996

Perestroika

A policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society

Porifirio Diaz

The President of Mexico from 1876 to 1880 and from 1884 to 1911, and one of the most controversial figures of the country. Overthrown by popular leader Francisco Modero

Mahatma Gandhi

Great revolutionary who led India to independence from Great Britain through passive resistance and civil disobedience based upon Henry David Thoreau's doctrines.

Francesco Madero

Mexican rebellion leader who overthrew Diaz and became president in 1911. Largely opposed to US business, he was assassinated in 1913 by rebel factions supported by the United States.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Indian Muslim politician who founded the state of Pakistan. A lawyer by training, he joined the All-India Muslim League in 1913. As leader of the League from the 1920s on, he negotiated with the British/INC for Muslim Political Rights

Ho Chi Minh

1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam; used geurilla warfare to fight anti-comunist, American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable

Josip Tito

Yugoslavian leader who set up a communist government independent of the Soviet Union

Mao Zedong

(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.

Gavrilo Princip

The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand

Nikita Khrushchev

A Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Also famous for denouncing Stalin and allowed criticism of Stalin within Russia.

Francesco Franco

Led the rebel nationalist army to victory in Spain and gained complete control in 1939.

fascism, totalitarian govt.

allies with Hitler and Mussolini