Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the human skeletal system, particularly focusing on the anatomy and functions of bones in the skull and axial skeleton.

Hematoma

A localized swelling filled with blood resulting from a break in a blood vessel.

Axial Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that forms the longitudinal axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.

Cranium

The part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain, composed of eight large flat bones.

Sutures

Interlocking, immovable joints that connect the bones of the skull.

Mandible

The lower jawbone which is the only freely movable joint of the skull.

Frontal Bone

The bone that forms the forehead and the superior part of the eye's orbit.

Parietal Bones

The paired bones that form most of the superior and lateral walls of the cranium.

Temporal Bones

Located inferior to the parietal bones, these bones contain important markings such as the external acoustic meatus.

Occipital Bone

The most posterior bone of the cranium that forms the base and back wall of the skull.

Sphenoid Bone

A butterfly-shaped bone that spans the width of the skull and forms part of the cranial cavity floor.

Ethmoid Bone

An irregularly shaped bone that forms the roof of the nasal cavity and part of the medial walls of the orbits.

Maxillae

The upper jaw bones that hold the upper teeth and fuse to form the keystone of the face.

Zygomatic Bones

The cheekbones that form a portion of the lateral walls of the orbits.

Palatine Bones

Paired bones that form the posterior part of the hard palate.

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Thin, curved bones projecting medially from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

Hyoid Bone

A unique bone in the neck that does not articulate with any other bone, serving as a movable base for the tongue.

Paranasal Sinuses

Air-filled spaces that lighten the skull bones and resonate sound; include the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses.