Unit 10 Science

What are Acids?

Substances that taste sour, have a pH less than 7, and can conduct electricity when mixed with water.

What are Bases?

Substances that taste bitter, feel slippery, have a pH greater than 7, and can conduct electricity when mixed with water.

What is the pH Scale?

A scale from 0 to 14 used to measure how acidic or basic a substance is; 7 is neutral.

What is a Neutralization Reaction?

A chemical reaction where an acid and a base combine to create water and a salt.

What is an Indicator?

A substance that changes color depending on whether it’s in an acid or base, like litmus paper.

What is a Compound?

A substance formed when two or more elements chemically bond together.

What are Ionic Compounds?

Compounds made when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, usually between metals and nonmetals.

What are Molecular (Covalent) Compounds?

Compounds formed when atoms share electrons, typically between nonmetals.

What happens during Chemical Reactions?

When substances interact and change into new substances with different properties.

What is Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?

Gear like gloves and goggles that keep you safe when working with acids and bases.

Give examples of Real-World Uses of Acids and Bases.

They are found in things like stomach juice for digestion and cleaners for washing.

Why is Chemical Safety Important?

It’s essential to handle and store acids and bases safely to avoid accidents and injuries.

What does a strong acid do in water?

Strong acids completely break apart into ions in water, making the solution very acidic.

How do weak acids behave in water?

Weak acids only partially break apart in water, so the solution is less acidic than strong acids.

What does a strong base do in water?

Strong bases completely break apart into hydroxide ions in water, making the solution very basic.

What is a weak base?

A weak base only partially breaks apart in water, resulting in a less basic solution.

What does a Buffer do?

A buffer helps keep the pH level stable even if acids or bases are added.

What is Neutrality?

The state of a solution where the amount of hydrogen ions equals the amount of hydroxide ions, giving a pH of 7.

What is Titration?

A method used to find the concentration of an acid or base by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.

What is Salt in Chemistry?

A substance formed when an acid reacts with a base, often consisting of a metal and a non-metal.

What happens to an acid when it mixes with water?

It releases hydrogen ions (H+), which makes the solution acidic.

What happens to a base when it mixes with water?

It releases hydroxide ions (OH-), which makes the solution basic.

Why is pH important in living things?

pH levels affect important biological processes like enzyme activity and cell function; most processes work best at certain pH levels.

What is Sulfuric Acid used for?

A strong acid used in car batteries and many industrial processes.

What is Citric Acid?

A weak acid found in citrus fruits like lemons and limes, often used in foods and drinks for flavor.

What is Lactic Acid?

A weak acid produced in muscles when they don’t get enough oxygen, like during heavy exercise.

What is Hydrochloric Acid used for?

A strong acid found in stomach juices for digestion and used in cleaning products.

What does pH stand for?

Potential of Hydrogen; it measures how acidic or basic a solution is.

What is Chemical Equilibrium?

A state where the reactions in a chemical process occur at equal rates in both directions, keeping concentrations constant.

What is the Common Ion Effect?

The change in solubility that occurs when a common ion is added to a solution, affecting how substances dissolve.

What is a Lewis Acid?

A chemical that can accept a pair of electrons from another substance during a chemical reaction.

What is a Lewis Base?

A chemical that can donate a pair of electrons to form a bond during a reaction.