psych social psychology

attribution theory

explain others behavior by crediting the situation or their disposition

situational attributes

attribute persons behavior to he environment they are in

what is multiculturalism?

recognizes the impact of cultures identity, including race, ethnicity, and social economic status on individuals

is situational attribute internal or external

external

is dispositional attribute internal or external

internal

what is dispositional attribute

attribute persons behavior to there personality traits

what is Explanatory Style also called ( attribuation style )

a way to explain events of life

dispostion

a stable, enduring tendency to behave, think, or feel in specific ways that distinguishes an individual from others

Optimistic explanatory style

feels in control, problems are temporary, can be fixed

how are positive events viewed in optimistic explanatory

caused by dispositional attributes that are permanent

how are negative events viewed in optimistic explanatory

situational factors that are temporary and can be changed

What is a pessimistic explanatory style

negative thinking, feels out of control, problems are permanent and can not be fixed

how are positive events viewed in pessimistic explanatory

by luck and are temporary

how are negative events viewed in pessimistic explanatory

are caused by dispositional factors and are permanent

people with depression and learned helplessness contributes to what

pessimistic explanatory style

What are the different bias in attribution

Actor/Observer, Fundamental attribution error and Self - serving bias

What is Actor / Observer Bias

Tendency to explain our own behavior to situations

What is the actor

We know why we are completing an act

What is Observer

We can only assume as to why someone is doing something

What is fundamental attribution error

Attribute there actions to their disposition and fail to recognize there situations

Fundamental attribution error occurs

when judging SOMEONE ELSE behavior

What is a example of Fundamental Attribution Error

Walking into a class and the teacher immediately goes off on you, you automatically think wtf but fail to recognize they had a bad day

Whats self serving bias

Attribute our achievements to our personal disposition and failure to the situation

Self serving bias occurs when

Your judging YOUR behavior

what is a example of self serving bias

You fail a AP psych test , your tendency is to blame teacher but if you get a A your awesome

What is Locus of Control

Refers to the extent that people feel they have control over events

Internal Locus of Control

People believe they can influence the outcome of events

If you have internal locus of control they attribute their success to what

their own ability

External Locus of Control

people believe luck or fate determines the outcome of events

People who have External locus of control attribute their success to what

a situation

What is Mere Exposer effect

Repeated exposure to something leads to liking it more

Mere exposure effect can occur how

subliminally

What is Self - Fulfilling Prophecy

A belief or expectation influences behavior in a way that makes a prediction come true

What is Social Comparison theory

we evaluate ourselves by comparing our ability, opinions and achievements to others

What are downwards to comparison

comparing yourself to someone les fortunate, boost self esteem,

ead to superiority

what are upward comparisons

comparing yourself to someone perceived as superior

what can upward compression lead to

relative deprivation

what is relative deprivation

feeeling of being in disadvantage in comparison to others

What is stereotype

Generalized beliefs about an outgroup

what is a outgroup

a group we don’t belong to

we rely on stereotypes to reduce what

cognitive load ( representative heuristic )

what is prejudice

develop a negative belief or attitude of a person or group

what is discrimination

act of behaving differently towards a person or group based upon our belief about that group

prejudice can lead to what

discrimination

what is implicit attitudes

we are unaware of our attitudes

Just World Phenomena

cognative bias that assumes people get what they deserve

what is blaming the victim apart of

just world phenomena leads to this

Just world phenomena can create what bias

hindsight

what is a in group

group we belong to

what is in group bias

we favor groups we belong to

what is out group bias

we are suspicious of groups and often dislike them

what is homogeneity

belief that all members of another group are more alike than is true

what does homogeneity lead to

stereotypes

what is ethnocentrism

belief that our culture or group is superior to others

what is scapegoat

we look for someone to blame for problems

when scapegoat happens what is the common group blamed

outgroups

what is belief perseverance

occurs when a belief persists even when there is evidence to the contrary

what is conformation bias

looking fro info that only supports the you believe

cognitive dissonance

an uncomfortable tension experienced when our behavior and attitudes don’t match

cognitive dissonance theory

we change our attitude and behavior to reduce mental tension

whats a example of cognitive dissonance

cheating and you know its wrong and now you feel bad about it and icked out

what is a example of cognitive dissonance theory

you decide cheating is acceptable because you teacher did a poor job preparing you for the test

what ate social norms

perceived rules that identify acceptable behavior

social influence theroy

an individuals attitude and behaviors are influenced by the presence or actions of others

normative social influence

Prompts individuals to conform to a group norm to fit in, gain acceptance and feel good

informational social influence

leads people to conform, believing the group possesses competent and correct information, especially in situations and tasks

what is elaboration likelihood model

what os the likelihood that we change our attitudes

central route to persuasion

speaker uses facts, figures and other info to persuade

central route to persuasion is slower but

lasts longer

how can central route to persuasion be affected

by mere exposure

what is peripheral route to persuasion

judgment made on someone or something appearance or endorsement by celebrities

peripheral route is fast but what

not long lasting

peripheral route can be affected by what

halo effect

what is halo effect

perception is positively influenced by our opinions of a persons related traits

what is foot in the door phenomena

agreeing to a small request only to be presented with larger one

whats a example of foot in the door phenomena

costco

door in the face phenomea

making a outrageous request that will be refused and follow it up with a smaller request

Define Conformity

we adjust our behavior or thinking to follow a group norm

Norms

Accepted slandered or way of doing things

what was the solomon asch and the line study

study conditions that lead to conformity

what did solomon hypothesis

people in groups are more likely to conform

what was the experimental group of the line study

1 participant with 8 confederates

who is the control group in the line study

the participant

what strengthens conformity

Social influence, Group size, Unanimity, admiration

what is spotlight effect

we believe people are looking at us

culture encourages what___

conformity

Compliance

Giving in to a request that you don’t agree with

who conducted the shock study

Stanly Milgrim

what did the shock study

only 2% of teachers would deliver shocks but result of 66% did

what conditions promote obedience

Close proximity, authority, organizations, depersonalization and role models

what is group polarization?

belief grow stronger when we join groups with similar beliefs

what is an example of reciprocal norm

someone buys you a coffee so you feel obligated to return the favor next time

what is group think

more excited about the idea of something rather than the process to get there

what is diffusion of responsibility?

we assume someone will do something else for us

what is social lofting

slackin off when we were working in a group and allow allowing others to complete the work for us

what is bystander effect

unlikely to help someone in distress when others are present

what is the deindividualization?

loss of individuality and self-awareness in a large group so we behave anti typical

what is social facilitation?

we perform better when people are watching at us and it only happens when we are good at something

what is false consensus effect?

assuming that our beliefs in behaviors are accepted by most people

what is overconfidence phenomenon?

more confident in judgment than should be