Sound and Waves

Wave

It refers to a traveling disturbance that carries or transfers energy from one location to another without transferring matter.

Mechanical Wave

It refers to a type of wave that strictly requires a physical material or substance called a medium to propagate

Electromagnetic Wave

It refers to a wave type that does not require a medium and can propagate through a vacuum

Transverse Wave

________ occurs when the vibration or displacement of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of wave travel

Longitudinal Wave

_________ occurs when the vibration or displacement of the medium is parallel to the direction of wave travel

Water Waves

_________ are combination waves featuring both transverse and longitudinal particle components, causing surface particles to move in nearly circular paths

Pulse Wave

________ is a non-periodic disturbance consisting of a single traveling isolated pulse.

Periodic Wave

_________ consists of repeating cycles or patterns generated continuously by a source

Sinusoidal Wave

When a Periodic Wave is driven by simple harmonic motion, it is then termed as ________.

Amplitude

It refers to the maximum excursion or displacement of a particle from its rest or equilibrium position.

Wavelength

It refers to the horizontal physical length of one complete wave cycle, such as distance between phase points on consecutive cycles

Period

It refers to the time required to complete on entire wave cycle

Frequency

It refers to the number of wave cycles completed per unit of time, measured in inverse seconds (s^-1) or Hertz (Hz)

Wave Function

The _________ y(x,t) defines the displacement of a medium particle located at position x at any time t.

Sound Waves

________ are longitudinal mechanical waves propagating as tiny pressure fluctuations.

Compression

It refers to a localized zone of high particle density and high pressure, created by forward source of motion.

Rarefaction

It refers to a localized zone of low particle density and low pressure, created by backward source motion.

False

The Human Audible Range of frequency ranges between 20 Hz to 40,000 Hz

True or False

Ultrasonic

Frequencies that goes above 20,000 Hz are classified as ________

Infrasonic

Frequencies that goes below 20 Hz are classified as _________

Pressure Amplitude

Sound can be graphed via particle displacement or relative pressure fluctuations, where the maximum pressure variation from equilibrium is the ________ (P_max)

Loudness

It is governed by pressure amplitude, where higher p_max translates to greater perceived ________

Pitch

It is governed by frequency, where higher frequency translates to a higher perceived musical _______

Timbre

It refers to the sound quality, the distinct acoustic signature that allows differentiation between two separate sounds vibrating at identical frequencies

Noise

It refers to the complex, chaotic combination containing a mix of all random frequencies rather than integer harmonics.

True

The speed of sound depends strictly on mechanical and thermal characteristics of the medium.

True or False

Fluid Medium

The speed of sound formula shown from the image belongs to _________

Solid Rod Long-Axis

The speed of sound formula shown from the image belongs to _________

Ideal Gas Medium

The speed of sound formula shown from the image belongs to _________

Wave Intensity

It refers to the average power carried by a wave per unit area perpendicular to flow

False

Intensity is indirectly proportional to the square of displacement amplitude (I ∝ A²), the square of frequency (I ∝ f²), and the square of pressure amplitude (I ∝ p_max²).

True or False

Sphere

According to the Inverse-Square Law for Spherical Expansion, if a source emits sound uniformly in 3D dimensions without boundary absorption, the wavefront area is a _________ (4πr²)

Inverse-Square Law for Spherical Expansion

According to the __________, if a source emits sound uniformly in 3D dimensions without boundary absorption, the wavefront area is a sphere (4πr²)

Decibel Scale

The _________ or also known as Sound Intensity Level, shows that human perception of loudness scales logarithmically with physical intensity rather than linearly.

Wave Interference

_________ is caused by path length differences traveled by sound waves from multiple sources, producing areas of localized constructive reinforcement or destructive cancellation.

Standing Wave

It refers to a non-traveling wave pattern that is generated when two waves of identical frequency and amplitude pass through each other in opposite directions.

Nodes

These are points of permanent destructive interference where no particle movement occur.

Antinodes

These are points of constructive interference where displacement reaches its absolute maximum.