Oxford B1

absolutely

adv. used to emphasize that something is completely true / used to emphasize something negative / sed with adjectives or verbs that express strong feelings or extreme qualities to mean 'extremely' / used to emphasize that you agree with somebody, or to give somebody permission to do something / used to emphasize that you strongly disagree with somebody, or to refuse permission

academic

adj. connected with education, especially studying in schools and universities / involving a lot of reading and studying rather than practical or technical skills

access

n., v. the opportunity or right to use something or to see somebody/something -/ a way of entering or reaching a place - to open a computer file or use a computer system / to be able to have or use something, especially something that you have a right to / to reach, enter or use something

accommodation

n. a place to live, work or stay in

account

n. an arrangement that somebody has with a bank, etc. to keep money there, take some out, etc.

achievement

n. a thing that somebody has done successfully, especially using their own effort and skill / the act or process of achieving something

act

n. a particular thing that somebody does / a law that has been passed by a parliament

ad

n. advertisement

addition

n. a thing that is added to something else / the act of adding something to something else

admire

v. to respect somebody for what they have done or to respect their qualities / to look at something and think that it is attractive and/or impressive

admit

v. to agree, often unwillingly, that something is true / to say that you have done something wrong or illegal

advanced

adj. having the most modern and recently developed ideas, methods, etc. / (of a course of study) at a high or difficult level

advise

v. to tell somebody what you think they should do in a particular situation / to give somebody help and information on a subject that you know a lot about

afford

v. (usually used with can, could or be able to, especially in negative sentences or questions)to have enough money to be able to buy or do something

age

v. to become older

aged

adj. of the age of

agent

n. a person whose job is to act for, or manage the affairs of, other people in business, politics, etc. / a person whose job is to arrange work for an actor, musician, sports player, etc. or to find somebody who will publish a writer's work / a person who works secretly to obtain information for a government or other organization

agreement

n. an arrangement, a promise or a contract made with somebody / the state of sharing the same opinion or feeling / the fact of somebody approving of something and allowing it to happen

ahead

adv. further forward in space or time; in front / earlier / winning; further advanced

aim

v., n. to try or plan to achieve something - the purpose of doing something; what somebody is trying to achieve

alarm

n. a loud noise or a signal that warns people of danger or of a problem / a device that warns people of a particular danger, or that a particular person is in danger / a ringing sound or a tune played by a clock or your phone after you have set it to play at a particular time to wake you up

album

n. a book in which you keep photographs, stamps, etc. / a collection of pieces of music released as a single item, usually on the internet or on a CD

alcohol

n. drinks such as beer, wine, etc. that can make people drunk / the clear liquid that is found in drinks such as beer, wine, etc. and is used in medicines, cleaning products, etc.

alcoholic

adj. connected with or containing alcohol

alternative

adj. that can be used instead of something else / different from the usual or traditional way in which something is done

amazed

adj. very surprised

ambition

n. something that you want to do or achieve very much / the desire or strength of mind to be successful, rich, powerful, etc.

ambitious

adj. determined to be successful, rich, powerful, etc.

analyse

v. to examine the nature or structure of something, especially by separating it into its parts, in order to understand or explain it

analysis

n. the detailed study or examination of something in order to understand more about it; the result of the study / a careful examination of a substance in order to find out what it consists of

announce

v. to tell people something officially, especially about a decision, plans, etc. / to give information about something in a public place, especially through a loudspeaker

announcement

n. a spoken or written statement that informs people about something / the act of publicly informing people about something

annoy

v. to make somebody slightly angry

annoyed

adj. ​slightly angry

annoying

adj. ​making somebody feel slightly angry

apart

adv. separated by a distance, of space or time / not together; separate or separately / into pieces

apologize

v. to say that you are sorry for doing something wrong or causing a problem

application

n. a formal (often written) request for something, such as a job, permission to do something or a place at a college or university

appointment

n. a formal arrangement to meet or visit somebody at a particular time, especially for a reason connected with their work

appreciate

v. to recognize the good qualities of somebody/something -/ to be grateful for something that somebody has done; to welcome something

approximately

adv. used to show that something is almost, but not completely, accurate or correct

arrest

v., n. if the police arrest somebody, the person is taken to a police station and kept there because the police believe they may be guilty of a crime - the act of arresting somebody

arrival

n. an act of coming or being brought to a place / the part of an airport that you go through when you arrive on a plane

assignment

n. a task or piece of work that somebody is given to do, usually as part of their job or studies

assist

v. to help somebody to do something / to help something to happen more easily

atmosphere

n. the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth / a mixture of gases that surrounds another planet or a star / the air in a room or in a small space; the air around a place / the feeling or mood that you have in a particular place or situation; a feeling between two people or in a group of people

attach

v. to fasten or join one thing to another / to send an electronic document with an email

attitude

n. the way that you think and feel about somebody/something; the way that you behave towards somebody/something that shows how you think and feel

attract

v. if you are attracted by something, it interests you and makes you want it; if you are attracted by somebody, you like or admire them / to have a sexual or romantic interest in somebody -/ to make somebody/something come somewhere or take part in something -/ to make people have a particular reaction

attraction

n. an interesting or lively place to go or thing to do / a feeling of liking somebody, especially sexually / a feature, quality or person that makes something seem interesting and fun, and worth having or doing

authority

n. the power to give orders to people / the power or right to do something

average

v. to be equal to a particular amount as an average / to calculate the average of something

award

v. ​to make an official decision to give something to somebody as a payment, prize, contract, etc.

aware

adj. knowing or realizing something

backwards

adv. towards a place or position that is behind / in the opposite direction to the usual one / towards a worse state

bake

v. to cook food in an oven without extra fat or liquid; to be cooked in this way

balance

n., v. a situation in which different things exist in equal, correct or good amounts / the ability to keep steady with an equal amount of weight on each side of the body / the amount that is left after taking numbers or money away from a total / an amount of money still owed after some payment has been made - to put your body or something else into a position where it is steady and does not fall / to give equal importance to two things or parts of something which are very different

ban

v., n. to decide or say officially that something is not allowed / to order somebody not to do something, go somewhere, etc., especially officially - an official rule that says that something is not allowed

bank

n. the side of a river, canal, etc. and the land near it

base

n., v. the lowest part of something, especially the part or surface on which it rests or stands / the main place where you live or stay or where a business operates from / a place where an army, a navy, etc. operates from - ​to use a particular city, town, etc. as the main place for a business, holiday, etc.

basic

adj. forming the part of something that is most necessary and from which other things develop / of the simplest kind or at the simplest level / necessary and important to all people

basis

n. the way things are organized or arranged; how often something happens

battery

n. a device that is placed inside a car engine, clock, radio, etc. and that produces the electricity that makes it work

battle

n. a fight between armies, ships or planes, especially during a war; a violent fight between groups of people / a competition, an argument or a struggle between people or groups of people trying to win power or control / a determined effort that somebody makes to solve a difficult problem or succeed in a difficult situation

beauty

n. the quality of giving pleasure to the senses or to the mind

bee

n. a black and yellow flying insect that can sting (= touch your skin and make you feel a sharp pain).Bees live in large groups and make honey (= a sweet sticky substance that is good to eat).

belief

n. a strong feeling that something/somebody exists or is true; confidence that something/somebody is good or right -/ an opinion about something; something that you think is true -/ something that you believe, especially as part of your religion

bell

n. a hollow metal object, often like a cup in shape, that makes a ringing sound when hit by a small piece of metal inside it; the sound that it makes / an electrical device which makes a ringing sound when a button on it is pushed; the sound that it makes, used as a signal or a warning

bend

v., n. (especially of somebody's body or head) to lean, or make something lean, in a particular direction / if you bend your arm, leg, etc. or if it bends, you move it so that it is no longer straight / to force something that was straight into an angle or a curve / to change direction to form a curve or an angle; to make something change direction in this way - a curve or turn, especially in a road or river

benefit

v. to be useful to somebody or improve their life in some way / to be in a better position because of something

better

n. something that is better

bite

v., n. to use your teeth to cut into or through something / to wound somebody by making a small hole or mark in their skin - an act of biting / a small piece of food that you can bite from a larger piece / a wound made by an animal or insect

block

n., v. a large piece of a solid material that is square or rectangular in shape and usually has flat sides / a tall building that contains flats or offices; buildings that form part of a school, hospital, etc. which are used for a particular purpose / the length of one side of a piece of land or group of buildings, from the place where one street crosses it to the next - to stop something from moving or flowing through a pipe, a passage, a road, etc. by putting something in it or across it / to stop somebody from going somewhere or seeing something by standing in front of them or in their way

board

v. to get on a ship, train, plane, bus, etc. / when a plane or ship is boarding, it is ready for passengers to get on

bomb

n., v. a weapon designed to explode at a particular time or when it is dropped or thrown - to attack something/somebody by leaving a bomb in a place or by dropping bombs from a plane

border

n. the line that divides two countries or areas; the land near this line

bother

v. (often used in negative sentences and questions)to spend time and/or energy doing something -/ to annoy, worry or upset somebody; to cause somebody trouble or pain -/ to interrupt somebody; to talk to somebody when they do not want to talk to you

branch

n. part of a tree that grows out from the main stem and on which leaves, flowers and fruit grow / a local office or shop belonging to a large company or organization / a part of a government or other large organization that deals with one particular aspect of its work / a division of an area of knowledge or a group of languages

brand

n., v. a type of product, service, etc. made or offered by a particular company under a particular name - to apply a brand name, image or identity to something

brave

adj. (of a person) willing to do things that are difficult, dangerous or painful; not afraid / (of an action) requiring or showing courage

breath

n. the air that you take into your lungs and send out again / an amount of air that enters the lungs at one time

breathe

v. to take air into your lungs and send it out again through your nose or mouth

breathing

n. ​the action of taking air into the lungs and sending it out again

bride

n. a woman on her wedding day, or just before or just after it

bubble

n. a ball of air or gas in a liquid, or a ball of air inside a solid substance such as glass / a round ball of liquid, containing air, produced by soap and water

bury

v. to place a dead body in the ground / to hide something in the ground

by

adv. past

calm

adj., v., n. not excited, nervous or upset / (of the sea) without large waves / (of the weather) without wind - to make somebody/something become quiet and more relaxed, especially after strong emotion or excitement - a quiet and peaceful time or situation

campaign

n., v. a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim - to take part in or lead a campaign, for example to achieve social or political change, or in order to win an election

campus

n. ​the buildings of a university or college and the land around them

candidate

n. a person who is trying to be elected or is applying for a job / a person taking an exam

cap

n. a type of soft flat hat with a peak (= a hard curved part sticking out in front). Caps are worn especially by men and boys, often as part of a uniform

captain

n. the person in charge of a ship or commercial aircraft / an officer of fairly high rank in the navy, the army and the US air force / the leader of a group of people, especially a sports team

careless

adj. not giving enough attention and thought to what you are doing, so that you make mistakes / resulting from a lack of attention and thought

category

n. a group of people or things with particular features in common

ceiling

n. the top inside surface of a room

celebration

n. a special event that people organize in order to celebrate something / the act of celebrating something

central

adj. in the centre of an area or object / easily reached from many areas / most important / having power or control over other parts

centre

v. to be the person or thing around which most activity takes place; to make somebody/something the central person or thing

ceremony

n. a public or religious occasion that includes a series of formal or traditional actions