NCM 1O1 HA CLO#: 26 - 44

Doppler Ultrasound Probe

A device that uses sound waves to check blood flow in blood vessels.

Edema

Swelling caused by extra fluid trapped in body tissues.

Clubbing

Enlargement of fingertips with curved nails often caused by low oxygen.

Raynaud’s Disease

A condition where fingers or toes change color because blood vessels tighten from cold or stress.

Capillary Refill Time (CRT)

A test that checks how fast blood returns to the nail after pressing it.

Allen’s Test

A test used to check blood flow in the hand before an arterial puncture.

Varicose Vein

Enlarged twisted veins usually found in the legs.

Thrombophlebitis

Inflammation of a vein with a blood clot.

Positive Homan’s Sign

Calf pain when the foot is bent upward possibly showing a blood clot.

Arterial Ulcer

A painful wound caused by poor blood flow in arteries.

Ischemia

Decreased blood supply to body tissues.

Arteriosclerosis

Hardening and thickening of artery walls.

Venous Ulcer

A shallow wound caused by poor blood return in veins.

Brachial Artery

Main artery of the arm found in the upper arm.

Radial Artery

Artery on the thumb side of the wrist used to check pulse.

Ulnar Artery

Artery on the pinky side of the wrist supplying blood to the hand.

Femoral Artery

Main artery supplying blood to the leg.

Popliteal Artery

Artery located behind the knee.

Posterior Tibial Artery

Artery found near the inner ankle.

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

Artery located on top of the foot.

Deep Veins

Veins deep inside the muscles that return most blood to the heart.

Superficial Veins

Veins located close to the skin surface.

Great Saphenous Vein

The longest vein in the body found along the inner leg.

Small Saphenous Vein

Vein at the back of the calf draining blood from the lower leg.

Perforator Veins

Veins connecting superficial veins to deep veins.

Epitrochlear Nodes

Lymph nodes above the inner elbow.

Axillary Nodes

Lymph nodes found in the armpit.

Deltopectoral Nodes

Lymph nodes between chest and shoulder muscles.

Inguinal Nodes

Lymph nodes located in the groin.

Popliteal Nodes

Lymph nodes found behind the knee.

Temporal Pulse

Pulse located near the temple.

Carotid Pulse

Pulse located in the neck.

Apical Pulse

Pulse heard over the heart.

Brachial Pulse

Pulse located inside the elbow.

Radial Pulse

Pulse located on the wrist.

Femoral Pulse

Pulse found in the groin.

Popliteal Pulse

Pulse behind the knee.

Posterior Tibial Pulse

Pulse near the inner ankle.

Dorsalis Pedis Pulse

Pulse on top of the foot.

Normal Skin Findings

Warm intact skin with no ulcers swelling or discoloration.

Normal Pulse Findings

Pulses are equal and regular on both sides.

Normal Capillary Refill

Color returns within 2 to 3 seconds.

Normal Sensation Test

Patient feels touch and moves normally.

Delayed Capillary Refill

Blood returns slowly after pressure is released.

Eczema

Dry itchy inflamed skin.

Skin Ulcer

Open sore caused by poor circulation.

Olfactory Nerve (CN I)

Controls the sense of smell.

Optic Nerve (CN II)

Controls vision.

Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

Controls eye movement and pupil reaction.

Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)

Controls downward eye movement.

Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

Controls facial sensation and chewing.

Abducens Nerve (CN VI)

Controls side eye movement.

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Controls facial expressions and taste.

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)

Controls hearing and balance.

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Helps with swallowing and taste.

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Controls swallowing speech and organs.

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Controls shoulder and neck movement.

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

Controls tongue movement.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Includes the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Includes all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Prepares the body for stress or emergencies.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Helps the body rest and relax.

Cerebrum

Controls thinking memory and movement.

Cerebellum

Controls balance and coordination.

Brainstem

Controls breathing and heart rate.

Thalamus

Relays sensory information.

Hypothalamus

Controls body temperature hunger and hormones.

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

A test used to measure level of consciousness.

Romberg Test

A balance test done with eyes closed.

Finger-to-Nose Test

A test for coordination.

Heel-to-Shin Test

A coordination test using the legs.

Babinski Reflex

A reflex test on the sole of the foot.

Patellar Reflex

Knee jerk reflex test.

Brudzinski’s Sign

Neck flexion causes knees and hips to bend showing meningeal irritation.

Kernig’s Sign

Pain when straightening the knee while the hip is bent.

Penlight

Used to check pupil reaction.

Reflex Hammer

Used to test reflexes.

Cotton Ball

Used to test light touch sensation.

Safety Pin

Used to test pain sensation.

Tuning Fork

Used to test vibration and hearing.

Tongue Depressor

Used to check gag reflex and mouth.

Snellen Chart

Used to test vision.