Basic Electricty 1

What is all matter composed of?

Molecules

What are molecules made up of?

Atoms

What are atoms made up of? (3)

• Electrons

• Protons

• Neutrons

What can matter be defined as?

Anything that has mass and volume

What are all things made of?

Matter

What are the two traits of matter?

• Perceptible

• Occupies space

Does weight = mass?

No

How do you measure weight?

Mass x gravity

What are the four categories of matter?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Which category of matter do aircraft technician not use?

Plasma

What is an element?

A substance that cannot be reduced to a simpler form by chemical means

What are two examples of an element?

• Iron

• Oxygen

When an element is reduced, what happens to it?

It ceases to be that element

What is a compound?

chemical combination of two or more elements

What is a molecule?

Smallest particle retaining substance identity

Wat is an example of a molecule?

Water (H₂O)

Substances composed of one type of atom are still called…

elements

If you break down a molecule to the molecular level would it still preserve the substance identity?

Yes

What is an atom considered to be?

Basic building block of all matter

What are the three subatomic particles of an atom?

• Proton

• Neutron

• Electron

What do the subatomic particles determine?

The properties of specific atoms

How are elements identified?

By the number of subatomic particles

In the periodic table how are elements categorized?

By properties

What does the kinetic theory of matter state?

Particles are always moving

In the kinetic theory, when matter is cooled, what happens?

It contracts

In the kinetic theory, when matter is heated, what happens?

It expands

What molecule is the exception to the kinetic theory?

Water and ice

What is at the center of an atom?

Nucleus

What does the nucleus contain? (2)

• Proton

• Neutron

What is the charge of a proton?

Positive (+)

What is the charge of a neutron?

Neutral (0)

What is the charge of a electron?

Negative (-)

Which two subatomic particles have approximately the same mass?

Proton and neutron

What is the difference in weight of a proton to an electron?

1,845 times

What is considered to determine the weight of an atom?

The number of proton and neutrons

What is particular quantity?

The electron’s energy level to stay in orbit

What determines the radius of the electron’s orbit?

Total energy of an electron

What is the formula to find the maximum number of electrons in a shell?

2n²

What does n represent in 2n²?

Shell number

How do electrons fill in shells?

From inner to outer

What is valence?

The number of chemical bonds an atom can form

What is the outermost shell also called?

Valence shell

What does the valence shell determine?

Bonding and reactivity

What is the process of ionization?

How atom loses or gains electrons

What is the term called when an atom loses an electron and becomes net positively charged?

Positive ion

What is another word of positive ion?

Cation

What is the term called when an atom gained an extra number of electrons and is negatively charged?

Negative ion

What is another word for ion

Anion

Electrons closer to the nucleus are…

Tightly bound

The outermost electrons are called…

Free electrons

Why are free electrons called that?

They can easily be dislodged and move atom-to-atom

How do free electrons cause currents in circuits?

Because of the electron movement from atom-to-atom, allowing the flow of electron

What are the three categorization for a material to produce free electrons?

• Conductors

• Insulators

• Semiconductors

What affect how easily a material can conduct electricity?

The number of free electrons