Massage Therapy and Clinical Pathology Lecture Notes

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering massage therapy basics, anatomy, physiology, hydrotherapy, and clinical pathologies based on lecture transcript.

Asthma client accommodations

Includes an air purifier, scent free environment, proper ventilation, hypoallergenic lotions, boasting ventilation, and maintaining a moderate temperature.

Thyroid

Located in the neck and responsible for making hormones.

Metacarpals

Bones located in the hand.

Metatarsals

Bones located in the foot.

Kyphosis

An exaggerated thoracic curve, often resulting in a rounded upper back.

HIPPA

Stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.

Synovial fluid

Lubricates the joint, reduces friction on cartilage, and acts as a shock absorber.

Diarrhoric joint

A freely movable synovial joint.

Articulation

The place where two bones meet to form a joint.

Cardiovascular system

Also known as the circulatory system; it transports gases, specifically oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.

Pulmonary circuit

The part of the system where oxygen poor blood returns to the right side of the heart, is pumped to the lungs to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide, and returns oxygen rich to the left side of the heart.

Systemic circuit

The part of the system where the left side of the heart pumps oxygen rich blood to the body's tissues and deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart.

Veins

Vessels that carry blood towards the heart.

Arteries

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Blood path through the heart

Right atrium to right ventricle to left atrium to left ventricle.

Aorta

The main artery of the body that supplies oxygenated blood to the circulatory system.

Inferior/Superior vena cava

Vessels that return deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower body to the right atrium of the heart.

Solar plexus

A complex network of nerves in the upper abdomen behind the stomach and in front of the aorta; acts as a central hub for the autonomic nervous system.

Latissimus dorsi

A muscle that medially rotates and adducts the humerus.

Dorsal cavity

The cavity containing the brain and spinal cord.

Respiratory membrane

Its main function is to separate air into the alveoli or the blood capillaries.

Prolactin

Hormone responsible for the production of milk.

A1c

Diagnostic for people with diabetes; monitors blood presure.

Recumbent position

Laying on the side.

Axial skeleton

The central axis of the body including the skull, neck, and trunk.

Appendicular skeleton

Includes the upper and lower limbs as well as the pectoral (shoulder) and pelvic (hip) girdles.

Trunk

The central part of the body connecting the head, arms, and legs together.

Semitendinosus

A superficial muscle lying on top of the semimembranosus; it flexes the knee, extends the hip, and inserts into the medial surface of the tibia as part of the pes anserius.

Semimembranosus

A wide, flat muscle deeper than the semitendinosus; it flexes the knee and extends the hip, inserting on the posterior aspect of the medial tibia condyle.

Human Rib Count

Humans have $24$ ribs.

Vertebral column segments

Cervical ($7$), Thoracic ($12$), Lumbar ($5$), Sacral, and Coccygeal.

Abdominal massage path

From lower right abdomen up to ribs (Ascending), across to the left (transverse), and down to the left hip (descending).

Vasoconstriction

The narrowing of blood vessels to increase blood pressure and conserve heat; caused by cold water which lowers swelling and numbs pain.

Vasodilation

The widening of blood vessels to reduce blood pressure and release heat; caused by hot water which increases blood flow and joint flexibility.

Massage Oil selection

Best oils are jojoba and grapeseed; worst oils are olive and nut oils.

Mechanoreceptors

Sensory nerves that respond to touch, pressure, and movement.

Proprioceptors

Sensory nerves that respond to changes in position and movement.

Chemoreceptors

Sensory nerves that respond to chemical changes such as oxygen levels and acid-base balance.

Nociceptors

Sensory nerves that respond to irritation and pain.

Muscle spindles

Located in the muscle; they sense muscle length/stretch and cause a contraction (stretch reflex) to resist overstretching.

Golgi tendon organ (GTO)

Located in the tendon; it senses muscle tension/force and causes muscle relaxation (inhibition) to prevent injury.

Spleen

Acts as a blood filter.

itis

A suffix meaning inflammation or fire.

Subopsipitals

The area where ghost headaches happen.

Afferent nerves

Sensory nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS from sensory receptors.

Efferent nerves

Motor nerves that transmit impulses away from the CNS to effector organs like muscles and glands.

Fibromyalgia etymology

'Fibro' meaning fiber, 'mya' meaning muscle, and 'alga' meaning pain.

Human Water and Blood Composition

Humans are $50\%$ water; $55\%$ of blood is plasma.

Pathology stages

Acute: sudden sharp pain for short duration; sub-acute: healing stage best for massage; chronic: dull pain that lasts a long time.

Blackheads

Primary lesions; dark bumps clogged with sebum (oil); fine to massage with caution.

Impetigo

A yellow crust around the mouth, mostly in kids; a systemic contraindication.

Furuncle vs. Carbuncle

Furuncle is a bacterial infection of hair follicles (boil); Carbuncle is a mass of connected boils.

MRSA

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus; a staph infection resistant to typical antibiotics; systemic contraindication.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

The least malignant and most common skin cancer; presents as a small red nodule or sore that does not heal.

Squamous cell carcinoma

Less common skin cancer that can become metastatic; presents as scaly red papules.

Malignant melanoma ABCDE

A (asymmetry), B (borders), C (color varies), D (diameter > pencil eraser), E (evolution).

Herniated disk

Weakening of the intervertebral disk resulting in protrusion of the nucleus or annulus; may press on the spinal cord.

Sprains

Injury to a joint resulting in stretching or tearing of ligaments; Class I (stretch), Class II (torn with some loss of function), Class III (ruptured with internal bleeding).

Rheumatoid arthritis

A chronic, systemic, autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membrane; locally contraindicated in acute stage.

Osteoarthritis

Result of long-term wear and tear where articular cartilage erodes, leading to bone thickening and joint immobility.

Osteoporosis

Porous bones; symptoms are silent until spontaneous fracture; calcium is a priority for nerve conduction and muscle contraction over bone density.

Torticollis

A condition specific to the neck muscles (SCM).

Strains

Injury to muscles from overuse; Grade I (overstretching), Grade II (partial tear of $10-50\%$ fibers), Grade III ($50-100\%$ tearing).

Crohn's disease

A chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causing inflammation anywhere in the digestive tract.

Tendonitis vs. Tendinosis

Tendonitis is inflammation of the tendon; Tendinosis is a degenerative condition of a tendon typically without inflammation.

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A stroke caused by loss of blood flow to the brain; can be ischemic (clot) or hemorrhagic (rupture).

FAST acronym

Used for stroke symptoms: Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call 911.

Myocardial infarction

A heart attack caused by reduced or blocked blood flow through coronary arteries.

Varicose veins

Protruding, bulbous, distended superficial veins; light massage is indicated for severe cases.

Edema

Excess fluid in interstitial spaces; locally contraindicated for classic massage but indicated for specialized lymphatic drainage.

Raynaud disease

A condition characterized by a reduced tolerance to cold temperatures.

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

A condition associated with a reduced tolerance to high temperatures.

Clavicle

scapula

deltoid

Humerus

trapezius

Rhomboids

infraspinatus

Supraspinatus

Teres major

teres minor

serratus anterior

external oblique

levator scapula

pectoralis major

pectoralis minor

biceps brachii

triceps brachii

Glenohumerl joint

gastrocnemius

the bony, ridge-like projection that extends backwards from the back of each vertebra

Dermis

the thick, dense inner layer of the skin located directly beneath the epidermis and above the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

plliative care

specialized medical care for anyone living with a serious illness