CH 16 Specific (Adaptive) Immunity

Immunity

The ability of the body to specifically (by antibodies) counteract foreign organisms (antigens)

Types of immunity

Naturally acquired active immunity

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Artificially acquired active immunity

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Ex of naturally acquired active immunity

Getting sick normally

Can even occur when you are asymptomatic

Ex of naturally acquired passive immunity

Breastfeeding (IgA), placenta crossing (IgG)

Ex of Artificially acquired active immunity

Vaccines

Ex of artificially acquired passive immunity

Rabies treatment (getting shots of the antibodies)

Herd immunity

Protection provided to all individuals in a population due to the inability of a pathogen to effectively spread when a large proportion of individuals are resistant. Even unvaccinated individuals are protected bc susceptible people are rarely in contact with infected individuals to allow transmission

The immune response

Recognition : invader is recognized/indentified as “foreign” by lymphocytes

2. Immune activation and response : B cell is activated → clonal selection + clones form (most differiante into plasma cells and some become memory cells)

Antibody response (primary and secondary)

First exposure ; slower time to make antibodies and they fade quicker

Secondary and beyond exposure ; fast response (due to memory cells) and there are way more antibodies and they last longer