Health and Wellness (NUR 300)

Health

State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease

Health Beliefs

Sate of being related to one’s own values

Maslow’ Hierarchy of Needs

1.) Physiological

2.) Safety & Security

3.) Love & Belonging

4.) Self-Esteem

5.) Self-Actualization

3 Levels of Prevention

1.) Primary

2.) Secondary

3.) Tertiary

Primary Prevention

Reduces the incidence of disease (i.e. health education programs, immunization programs, hearing protection in occupational settings)

Secondary Prevention

Prevents the spread/progression of disease, illness, or infection once it occurs (i.e. identifying new cases, screening, activities/prevention activities)

Tertiary Prevention

Minimizes the effects of long-term disease or disability via interventions directed at preventing complications/deterioration (i.e. rehab following spinal cord injury)

3 Types of Risk Factors

1.) Modifiable (i.e. diet, exercise, smoking cessation)

2.) Nonmodifiable (i.e. genetics, gender, age)

3.) Environment (i.e. weather conditions, home hazards, irritants)

5 Stages of the Transtheoretical Model of Change

1.) Precontemplation

2.) Contemplation

3.) Preparation

4.) Action

5.) Maintenance

Precontemplation Stage (Transtheoretical Model)

No intent to make change within 6 months; patient is unaware of, not interested in, or underestimates the problem (may be defensive)

Contemplation Stage (Transtheoretical Model)

Considering a change within the next 6 months; patient may be ambivalent about change or is thinking about making a change

Preparation Stage (Transtheoretical Model)

Making small changes in preparation for a change in the next month; patient may have tried to make changes in the past but was unsuccessful

Action Stage (Transtheoretical Model)

Actively engaged in strategies to change behavior (up to 6 months); patient is committed to change, but previous habits may act as barriers to change

Maintenance Stage (Transtheoretical Model)

Sustained change over time (beginning 6 months after action) that continues indefinitely; patient integrates changes into their lifestyle and has adopted behaviors to prevent relapse

Illness

State in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished/impaired

Acute Illness

Symptoms appear abruptly (are intense) and subside after a relatively short period; usually reversible and of a short duration (< 6 months)

Chronic Illness

Symptoms are irreversible and affect functioning in more than one body system; duration of illness is greater than 6 months

Illness Behavior

Ill patients often adopt cognitive, affective, and behavioral reactions to their diseases that are influenced by sociocultural and psychological factors

Health Belief Model (HBM)

Addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behaviors; model is based on three components of health-related behaviors

3 Components of the Health Belief Model

1.) Desire to avoid or recover from illness

2.) Belief that certain health choices will prevent or cure illness

3.) Likeliness that the individual will take an action to promote health

Health Promotion

Helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health; motivates people to engage in healthy activities (i.e. routine exercise, good nutrition)