English- 1. Klassenarbeit

Simple present

Grundform + ‘to be’

Use: simple present

To talk about regular or habitual events

Example: simple present

Action (happening rn): she is talking on the phone.

Temporary (actions/situations): I am living with my parents for now.

Future (plans/arrangements): we are meeting John later.

Repeated ( actions + adverbs like ‘always’): he is always losing his keys.

Present progressive

To be + infinitive + ing

Use: present progressive

When describing a temporary action that is currently happening

Example: present progressive

She is cooking dinner.

I am staying with my friend this week.

We are flying to New York tomorrow.

She is always borrowing my clothes.

Present perfect

Has/have + past participle

Example: present perfect

Affirmative: I have finished my homework.

Negative: I haven’t (have not) finished my homework.

Question: have you finished your homework?

Use: present perfect

To describe an action performed during a period that has not yet finished

Simple past

Infinitive + -ed

Use: simple past

To talk about about a completed action in the past

Example: simple past

I went to the store.

I did not go to the store.

Did you go to the store?

Past perfect

Had + past participle (of main verb)

Use: past perfect

To describe a past event that occurred prior to another past event

Example: past perfect

I had finished my homework before dinner.

I had not finished my homework before dinner.

Had you finished your homework before dinner?

Will future

Will + infinitive

Use: will future

When discussing processes, circumstances, or actions that are not yet 100% certain

Example: will future

I will call you tomorrow.

I won’t (will not) go to the party.

Will you join us for dinner?

Going-to-future

‘To be’ + going to + infinitive

Use: going to future

To talk about future plans and intentions

Example: going to future

I am going to visit my friend tomorrow.

I am not going to visit my friend tomorrow.

Are you going to visit your friend tomorrow?

Conditional 1.

If + simple present + will future/ will future + if+ simple present

Use: conditional 1.

To talk about real or possible future things which are probably going to happen

Example: conditional 1.

If it snows, I will not go on a picnic

Conditional 2.

If + simple past + would (not) + infinitive

Use: conditional 2.

To talk about impossible or imaginary condition in the present

Example: conditional 2.

If I were a president. I would fight poverty

Conditional 3.

If + past perfect+ would (not) + have + past participle

Use: conditional 3.

Impossible or imaginary conditions in the past, describes something that didn’t happen

Example: conditional 3.

If I had studied for math, I would have passed the exam

The passive

Form of ‘to be’ + past participle

Use: passive

You use the passive voice when you want to emphasise the action or the receiver of the action rather than the person performing the action

Example: passive

The book was read by many students