Biology Reproduction System

What is the purpose of reproduction

To increase population, increase gene variety

What is common to the male and female reproductive systems?

A ureter, both release gametes,

What makes the male and female reproductive organs the same?

They have erectile tissue: penis and clitoris becomes hard

What happens in the vas deferens of males

Vasectomies happen : tied on both ends so no sperm cells can enter the urethra

Why is the testes outside the abdominal cavity?

Because the temperatures must be low and heat is gathered at the thighs

What does the seminal Vessicle produce and why?

fructose to provide energy for sperm’s travel through vagina

what do the prostate glands do?

produce an alkaline secretion which neutralizes the acidity of the vagina

what is the penis made up of?

erectile tissue (corpora cavernosa)

What does the bulbourethral gland do?

releases mucous secretion that lubricates the penis

Which part of the sperm produces enzymes

acrosomes

Why are enzymes important in the sperm

To speed up the penetration of the penal head into the egg of the female

What is the lining of the uterus called

endometriosis

How can endometriosis be caused by

rough sexual intercourse because it displaces the cells from the cervix and deposits it in the uterus. The body acknowledges the foreign substances and begins to bleed

Where can cancer develop in females?

Myometrium because there are a lot of blood vessels

How are eggs released

the egg is released from the ovaries and sucked into the falopian tube

what happens during an episiotomy

cut from the base of the vagina to the anus

Where does the pubic hair grow on a female

mons pubis

What day does ovulation occur

12-15th day

what produces progesterone in females

corpus luteum

What hormones increase during the follicular phase?

estrogen

What happens during the luteal phase?

Everything doubles up and thickens

What hormones increases during luteal phase and why?

progesterone levels spike because the body gets ready to have the child

how long does it take for the fetus to grow

40 weeks

Identical twins vs fraternal twins

Identical twins same placenta but different amniotic sacs (1 egg and 1 sperm); fraternal twins - separate placentas (2 eggs and 2 sperms)

How are identical twins formed?

Fertilization of a single egg by a single sperm but the egg splits into two

what is the normal way for babies to come out

longitudinal lie vertex = head first

How does a breech baby come out

longitudinal lie breech (bottom first)

The other way a baby could come out

transverse lie vertex presentation (baby is sideways)

What is colostrum

the first secretions coming out of the breast, yellowish white fluid, has proteins and antibodies which helps to build up the child’s immunity.

When is oxytocin released

when baby suckles; milk flows into the ducts.

What substance is released for mother’s milk production

prolactin

When does menopause occur

between 45-55

When does implantation occur?

takes place if pregnancy occurs and the developing embryo embeds itself in the endometrial lining several days after fertilization.

Where does the placenta originate from

•from  both the mother and fetal tissue, this where exchange of molecules occur between the mother and the fetus’ blood. 

What are follicular cells

Synthesizes and secretes steroid hormones - estrogen, progestins and androgens

what does the graafian follicle do

provides for the maturation and release of a fertilizable oocyte.

•Also forms the corpus luteum, which promotes and maintains implantation of the embryo

fsh

Allows spermatogenesis, production of sperm