NHA Module - Ch.8 Vocab + Info - Fatima & Maryam

Phlebotomy

Is the process of withdrawing blood from a vein for laboratory testing.

How is Phlebotomy used?

This is used to assist the providers in the proper diagnosis of diseases, monitoring of a patient condition, treatments, and or levels of medications.

What can an MA do for Phlebotomy?

A medical assistant can receive additional training in this skill to help increase their marketability and job opportunities.

What is one of the most common types of pre-test?

One of the most common types of pre-test preparation is to have patients fast.

Fasting

This is the absence of eating food and sometimes drinking. Most of the blood testing that requires fasting is a 12-hour fast.

What happens if you don't fast?

Not fasting can directly impact blood values such as glucose or lipids.

Laboratory directory

A catalog of information in regard to a lab test; test information, specimen collection requirements, and storage preservation.

Laboratory Requisitions

This is a form that a healthcare provider sends with a sample to a lab that specifies all necessary information about the patient and what needs to be tested. Can be paper or electronic.

Contents of a lab requisition form

Patient demographics: DOB & phone #, Provider signature, Specific test ordered, Date/time of specimen, Medical necessity of test.

Supplies needed for Phlebotomy

Alcohol wipes, Gauze, Adhesive bandages, Biohazard sharps container, PPE, Tourniquet, Collection Tubes, and Needle System.

Needles Systems consist of?

The Butterfly Needle, The Evacuated Needle, and The Needle and Syringe.

Butterfly Needle

A short, winged needle used for venipuncture. Primarily used for drawing blood or giving injections to small veins or veins that are hard to locate. Features flexible 'wings' on either side for easier handling and stability.

Evacuated Needle

A needle used in conjunction with an evacuated tube system for blood collection. Contains a vacuum-sealed tube that automatically draws the appropriate amount of blood. Commonly used in diagnostic laboratories for specimen collection.

Needle and Syringe

A standard needle that is attached to a syringe for drawing and administering fluids (e.g., blood or medication). The syringe allows for controlled suction and injection, making it versatile for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Widely used in medical procedures such as vaccinations, blood draws, and injections.

What are the parts of a needle?

The Lumen, Bevel, Barrel, and Plunger.

Lumen

Hollow space inside the needle, also referred to as the gauge. The larger the gauge number, the smaller the diameter. / Open space in the needle

Bevel

Shaft at the end of the needle that creates the point. / Area around the surface of the needle point

Barrel

Where the fluid goes and typically has measurement lines.

Plunger

Part of the needle that is pulled to create a suction to push/draw fluid in and out of the barrel.

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Small irregular shaped cells that help with clotting. They gather at the site of an injury and will clump/stick to the walls of a blood vessel.

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

Most abundant cells in the blood. Disc-shaped, flexible cells that carry oxygen and CO2. Contain hemoglobin (a protein that binds oxygen).

Leukocytes (WBCs)

These cells are part of the immune system and help protect the body from infections and foreign invaders, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and other pathogens.

What are the different types of WBCs?

Types of WBCs include neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

Plasma

This is the 'liquid' part of blood obtained after centrifuging and makes up about 55% of its volume. Contains water, proteins (immunoglobulins and albumin), electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

Where must the specimen of plasma be collected?

The specimen must be collected in a tube containing anticoagulants which prevent clotting. Whole Blood.

Serum

The liquid portion of the blood obtained after a serum sample tube has clotted and centrifuged.

Clotted blood

This is when blood is drawn into a tube that does not contain anticoagulant.

What are the parts of blood?

Platelets, Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Plasma, Serum, and Clotted blood.

Patient Instructions for Blood Drawing

1.Check for patient identifiers and introduce yourself. 2.Explain the procedure and safety precautions. 3.In preparation for a venipuncture, patient should be sitting in a well-lit area with their arm extended out. 4.Have them make a fist.

Aliquot

A whole portion of something must be divided into equal parts

Antecubital space

The inner bend of the elbow; primary site for phlebotomy procedures

Capillary Puncture

The method of acquiring blood from a fingertip or heel

Glucose Tolerance

Test process that evaluates glucose levels over time to assess for diabetes by measuring the body's response to sugar

Hemoconcentration

Increase in the concentration of red blood cells in the circulating blood, which is commonly caused by exceeding tourniquet time of 60 seconds

Laboratory Directory

A catalog of information regarding laboratory tests with up to date test menus; testing information; specimen collection requirements; and storage, preservation, and transportation guidelines

Lancet

A small blade with sharp point

Micro-collection Devices

Small plastic tubes designed to collect capillary blood

Whole Blood

Blood obtained when drawn in a tube that contains an anticoagulant