Chapter 11 quiz

Dr. Johnston is liked, respected, and approved of by her colleagues. That is, she has gained her colleagues’ ____.

Social acceptance

Prisoners who live in solitary confinement ____.

crave social contact, do not get used to living alone, and take desperate measures to try to communicate with others

Which statement regarding testosterone levels in men is MOST accurate?

They usually dip after men reach their early twenties.

Social psychologists define the need to belong as the desire to ____.

form and maintain close, lasting relationships with other individuals

The need to belong drives people to ___.

associate with others, commit to relationships, and stay in relationships

MOST people are reluctant to end or leave a relationship with another person ____.

regardless of whether there is a clear purpose in continuing the relationship and regardless of whether they admit that the relationship is coming to an end

When partners in a romantic relationship break up with each other, they often plan to remain friends. What happens in reality?

Most do not remain friends. But they say this (and they often try to remain friends) because they are reluctant to break social bonds.

To completely satisfy the need to belong, people must have ____.

both regular social contacts and ongoing relationships in which people show mutual concern for one another

Most people do not seek out endless numbers of friends; having ____ close friends seems to be enough.

4 to 6

Failure to satisfy the need to belong is associated with ____.

both poor mental health and poor physical health

Recent research on the benefits of belongingness suggests that ____.

people who feel connected to a strong network of relationships see life as more meaningful

According to social psychologists, which of the following adages is truer: “opposites attract” or “birds of a feather flock together”?

“Birds of a feather flock together.”

Morty has certain friends that he plays soccer with certain friends that he hangs out with on the weekends and certain friends that he invites over to his house. His brother Alfred, on the other hand, has just one set of friends with whom he does everything. It is MOST likely that ____.

Morty is higher in self-monitoring than Alfred is’

People who are high in self-monitoring differ from others in several ways. For example, they are more likely to ____.

have different sets of friends for different activities

The fact that dissimilarity in physical attractiveness increases the risk of breaking up illustrates ____.

the matching hypothesis

Research has demonstrated that the matching hypothesis holds true for ____.

all types of romantic relationships and all types of friendships

As culture progresses and forms large, complex, interacting groups, there may be more need for ____.

complementarity

Although reinforcement theory is correct in stating that doing favors for and praising people may result in their liking you, a drawback of this type of strategy is that ____.

People who rely too heavily on it may seem manipulative and insincere

Which trait is most valued in social relationships?

Trustworthiness

Giving praise to another person whom you want to like you is ____.

generally a good strategy so long as you do not appear insincere

Lejla finds out that her classmate, Dina, thinks that she is really interesting. This makes Lejla like Dina more than she did before. What does research suggest about this kind of reciprocation of liking?

It can have a powerful effect when it comes to friendships but is more of a problem in romance.

Marco has a crush on Katia. Katia, however, does not feel the same way about Marco. What is likely to be Katia’s first reaction if she finds out that Marco likes her?

Positive—She is likely to be flattered.

Research on one-sided, unrequited love has confirmed that people are positively attracted when they learn that someone else likes them—but if they do not want to feel the same way, they soon start to find the other person’s attraction to them to be a burden or problem. Why does this change happen?

Because of the reciprocity norm

Devin’s new girlfriend has a habit of biting her nails. This habit did not bother Devin when he first met her, but it is beginning to annoy him more and more each day. This change is an example of the ____.

social allergy effect

In a well-known study, social psychologists analyzed the friendship patterns among graduate students living in a dormitory. The results of the study were MOST consistent with the ____.

propinquity effect

According to research done with an online dating service, which profile will Danna find most attractive?

Juan, who is 5 feet 8 inches tall and makes $170,000

Compared to people who are not physically attractive, people who are physically attractive are assumed to be superior on many traits—including intelligence, sexual warmth, and popularity. This assumption is known as the ____.

what is beautiful is good effect

Research suggests that, when a person goes out on a date, the BEST predictor of that person’s enjoyment of the date is how ____.

physically attractive the date is

The standard of beauty in the United States, as reflected by pageant winners and models, suggests that the ideal body weight has ____.

decreased substantially since 1960

Suppose that you had a computer program that could morph images of different faces into composite average faces. If you began with four faces, combined them in pairs to make two new faces, and then combined them again to make a final, single composite face, which would, on average, be the MOST attractive to people?

The final single composite face

Ostracism refers to being ____.

excluded, rejected, and ignored by others

Which of the following statements is true about rejection?

Rejection interferes with cognitive processing.

The tendency to expect rejection from others and be hypersensitive to rejection is known as ____.

rejection sensitivity

When people say, “You hurt my feelings,” what do they usually mean?

“I don’t think you care about our relationship.”

Cybil, a high school student, finally musters up the courage to say hello to a group of “cool” kids at school. Suppose that these kids completely reject her by snubbing her greeting and then laughing at her as she walks by. In the immediate aftermath of this social rejection, Cybil goes straight to her geometry class, where she finds that there is a pop quiz. She is MOST likely to ____.

experience a sense of emotional numbness

Which of the following is one of the typical responses that people show in the aftermath of social rejection?

Being especially attuned to social cues and information about others

People who experience social rejection tend to eat more unhealthy foods—ice cream, cookies, and French fries—compared to those that do not. Research suggests that this behavior is mainly because social rejection triggers ____.

a general breakdown in self-regulation

Which of the following is the most accurate explanation of the relationship between social rejection and aggression?

Social rejection can cause aggression and aggression can cause social rejection.

A common motivation behind acts of school violence is ____.

social exclusion

Who might actually be helped by social rejection and how?

People who value independence and uniqueness may become more creative.

Based on the social psychological definition of loneliness, who is probably most lonely?

Kathline, who has many friends but does not have a particularly deep connection with any of them

Compared to other people, people who are lonely tend to ____.

be less adept at figuring out others’ emotional states

According to social psychologists, most loneliness in the modern world ____.

can be about the quality of one’s relationships OR the quantity of one’s relationships—though it tends to be about quality

Suppose that Yasmine and Ken are two lonely people. Yasmine seeks to stave off loneliness by forming “relationships” with her favorite celebrities (reading about their lives in Us magazine, watching updates about them on E! Entertainment, etc.), while Ken seeks to dissipate his loneliness by spending time with his dog Hammy (buying him presents, taking him for long walks, and talking to him each night about his day). What does research suggest about the effectiveness of these techniques?

Both Yasmine and Ken should have some success in staving off loneliness.

The main reason for social rejection among adults is ____.

deviance

Suppose that University of Z is a large public university in the Midwest. Based on what you know about social rejection, which of the following University of Z students would probably be MOST likely to experience rejection by their peers?

Alex, who acts like a Satan worshipper, and often dresses up in a loud black panther suit

Suppose that you are competing in the Olympic Games on the U.S. gymnastics team, and you find out that one of the U.S. gymnasts (Jana) and one of the French gymnasts (Camille) recently failed a drug test. Research suggests that you will socially reject both of them. However, you will probably ____.

judge Jana more harshly than you will judge Camille

The following scenario is not uncommon. Several people are waiting at a crosswalk. One of them decides to cross despite a red signal, and—once that happens—everyone else does the same. This is an example not only of conformity but also of ____.

the bad apple effect

Research on families indicates that the threat of expulsion often helps to ____.

hold the family together

Research suggests that, when it comes to unrequited love, ____.

men have more experience than women do in being rejected