DRAM 200

Hybrid Plays

Indigenous spectacles plays that began when europeans made initial contact

Ollantay

Play written in quechua where an Inca commoner is in love with an Inca princess and is forced to endure many trials before their wedding

Ollantay Original Copies

6 original copies but believed to be written by Juan de Espinosa Medrano

US Colonialism

A frontier sensibility violence prioritizing face to face violent confrontation

Canadian Colonialism

Garrison mentality where everyone lived in a community as one and established trading posts which eventually turned into settlement agreements

Haudenosaunee Masks

False face society where masks resemble mythical creatures with distorted features that represent healing

Haida Masks

Masks that open that showcase the person inside who wears it

La Theatre De Neptune A La Novelle-France

Plays that make fun of Indigenous characters and classical mythological creatures that began after European contact

Garrison Theatre

Theatre was banned by Catholic Church in French Canada, but British Officers still produced French plays in Montreal and English plays elsewhere

Charles Kemble

Focuses on historical accuracy in both staging and costumes

Jean Phillip

Focused on studying characters before getting on stage, more of realist style of acting

Charles Kean

Focuses on creating historically accurate scenery, lighting, and costumes through research and eliminates small plays between acts

Edmund Kean

Romantic style actor described as having explosive, demonic rage when acting intense roles

William Charles Macready

Pioneer in early stage realism, Blocked his actors as a director, and Invented Macready Pause

Edwin Forrest

First American born star with an American acting style known for Spartacus in The Gladiator, Not well received in England

Astor Place Riots

Macready is performing and cannot continue performance due to Edwin’s fans, Stops performing but his fans convince him to return, Edwin’s fans refuse to let him perform again and a riot breaks out

Madame Vestis

Playwright, manager, and producer that had strict control over her company, focused on burlesques and extravaganzas

Ira Aldridge

Black actor who went to Europe for more Shakespearean opportunities, Worked at first black theatre in NYC

Romanticism in France

Arrives late during and after the revolution but they become good at it due to wanting to express their political beliefs

Victor Hugo

Stage some early Romantic plays, but wrote more novels (Hunchback and Les Mis) and better known for them

Edmond Rostand

Greatest French romantic playwright who wrote the Fantasticks which is the longest running Broadway show

Laura Keene

Popularized plays running for extended periods of time instead of short, repeated runs

Napoleonic Regulations

Napoleon makes legislation where he does not allow theatres to produce any political works, resulting in only 12 theatres being able to produce certain types of plays

Napoleonic Regulations and Melodrama

Accidentally created melodrama by only allowing certain theatres to perform and produce certain types of plays

Boulevard Du Temple

Street with theatres where the plays were of popular taste (melodramas, pantomimes, operas, etc.)

Gaite and Ambigu

Comical ambiguity when a joke could have two potential meanings

Faites Divers

The weekly events and news put on stage with melodramatic tendencies

6 Characteristics of Melodrama

Morally black and white world, Comic lower class assisting the hero, Spectacular and action packed scenes, Tearful sentimentality, Happy ending, Music underscoring

Le Chien De Montargis

Play that was able to effectively use a dog as the star actor of a play that became an audience favourite

Diorama A Double Effet

When one character is lit up and other actors make layers surrounding them

Frontier Shows

Spectacle of Wild West showcasing the spread of European settlement from east to west

Components of Frontier Shows

Pre-show parades, Buffalo Bill entering on horseback, Souvenir shops, and homestead acts

How Buffalo Bill Became Buffalo Bill

Won a buffalo shooting contest and was named after his victory

Buffalo Bill Fame

Became an international spectacle for his frontier spectacles, heavily influenced and made the western genre popular, which featured any Indigenous roles

Indigenous Peoples in Frontier Spectacles

Portrayed as villains on stage, but paid good salaries and treated well off stage

Geronimo and Chief Joseph

Two Indigenous peoples who worked very closely with Buffalo Bill

Black Elk

Worked with Buffalo Bill and reached Europe with the touring company, Had extremely positive relationship with Buffalo Bill

Henry Irving

First actor knight for his work in melodrama and as a strong director for bringing his production to a new higher standard

Marie Wilton

Heavy box set use, utilizes realism and the fourth wall, orchestra becomes her favourite seating

Box Set

Interior setting using flats to create a backside, walls, and ceiling

Meninger Company

Travelling company that influenced others to tour as well, enhanced realism

George II

Duke or Saxe Meningen, Used historically accurate costuming and set decor, Rehearsed actors until deemed perfect

Henry Ibson

Greatest literary playwright since Shakespeare, Critical of outdated romanticism and wanted realism, Known for writing controversial plays

Andre Antoine

Inspired meninges companies and specialized in controversial plays, Founded his own theatre

Emile Zola

Naturalism through novels, Plays prefaced to naturalism

Darwin and Naturalism

Natural environment determines character, Accurately portrays characters and situations

August Strindberg

Author of Miss Julie, Experimented with naturalism through Miss Julie, Showed melodrama as a one person show, Builds on expressionism

Miss Julie

Explores naturalism and experiments with modern characters

Rise Of The Star

Stardom emerged for actors, often getting rich or losing money

Sarah Burnhardt

Debut in comedy francaise, Great actor admired for technique and voice, Toured in the US, Managed Paris theatres, Wrote romantic plays

Eleanora Duse

Started in realistic plays and realistic performances, Formed own company called Poetic Bramas, Style admired by critics

Chekhov

Playwright that mastered ensemble awareness and subset in writing, Wrote plays that could edge the audience

Stanislavski

Director that finds success in producing other creators work, Teacher guy

Moscow Art Theatre

Influenced Meininger company, Met Vladimir Nemirovish-Banchenko to create theatre company together as director and dramaturg