GAS EXCHANGE

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Last updated 2:37 AM on 6/8/26
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16 Terms

1
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What is external respiration (1)

  • Gas exchanges in lungs

    • Between air (alveoli) and plasma (pulmonary capillaries)

2
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How does oxygen diffuse into blood [ER] (2)

  • Happens in pulmonary capillaries

  • Less O2 in capillaries than in alveoli

    • Diffuses from air → blood

3
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How does altitude affect oxygen diffusion [ER] (2)

  • Lower atmospheric pressure → less O2

  • Less O2 in air → can’t diffuse fast enough into blood

4
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How does CO2 diffuse into the lungs [ER] (3)

  • In pulmonary capillaries

  • More CO2 in capillaries than in alveoli

    • CO2 = blood → air

  • 3 ways

    • Directly from plasma → air (9%)

    • Carried in body as HbCO2 (27%)

    • Carried as HCO3 (64%)

5
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What is internal respiration (1)

  • Exchange of O2 + CO2 between blood + tissue fluid

6
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How does oxygen diffuse into tissues (2)

  • Cells use up O2 for cellular respiration → low O2 in tissues

  • More O2 in RBC than tissues

    • Diffuses from blood → tissues

7
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How does CO2 diffuse into blood (3) [3]

  • Cells constantly make CO2 → high CO2 in tissue

  • More CO2 in tissues than RBC

    • Diffuses from tissues → blood

  • 3 ways

    • Directly into plasma

    • Binds to Hb make HbCO2

    • Makes H2CO3 from CO2 and H2O

8
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HCO3 + H+ → H2CO3 → H2O + CO2 [ER] (3)

  • HCO3 (plasma) + H+ (RBC) gets catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase

  • Makes H2CO3 → H2O + CO2

  • CO2 diffuses into alveoli

9
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HHb → H+ + Hb [ER] (3)

  • Dissociates at lungs

  • Gives H+ to HCO3 → H2O

  • Hb now free to bind w/ O2

10
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HbCO2 → Hb + CO2 [ER] (2)

  • CO2 in RBC diffuses from pulmonary capillaries → alveoli

  • Exits out of lungs when exhale

11
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HHb + O2 → HbO2 + H+ [ER] (2)

  • O2 (alveoli) binds w/ heme

  • Makes oxyhemoglobin

    • Oxygenated blood

12
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HbO2 → Hb + O2 [IR] (3)

  • HbO2 reaches tissues

  • Dissociates and O2 enters tissues

  • Hb = deoxygenated

13
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Hb + CO2 → HbCO2 [IR] (2)

  • CO2 (tissue) diffuse into RBC

  • Binds w/ Hb

14
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H+ + Hb → HHb [IR] (2)

  • H+ from production of HCO3 binds to Hb

  • Maintains pH eqm

15
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CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 → H+ + HCO3 [IR] (3)

  • Reacts w/ water in plasma

  • Turns into carbonic A. → dissociates into products

  • CO2 now transported as HCO3

16
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Why is oxyhemoglobin important (1)

  • Stops saturation of O2 in blood

    • O2 can keep diffusing into blood