C8: Articulation

A joint that permits free movement is called ________.

A. a synchondrosis
B. a diarthrosis
C. a synarthrosis
D. an amphiarthrosis
E. a synostosis

B

A fibrous synarthrosis joint that holds skull bones together is called (a) ________.

A. synostosis
B. suture
C. synchondrosis
D. gomphosis
E. None of the answers are correct.

B

A cartilaginous joint that permits slight movement is (a) ________.

A. gomphosis
B. synchondrosis
C. synostosis
D. symphysis
E. synovial joint

D

An accessory structure of a joint that may subdivide a synovial cavity, channel the flow of synovial fluid, or allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces is a ________.

A. bursa
B. tendon
C. meniscus
D. ligament
E. fat pad

C

The structure that surrounds a synovial joint is called (a) ________.

A. synovial membrane
B. bursa
C. fat pad
D. meniscus
E. joint capsule

E

Which of the following associations is most accurate?

A. synarthroses − slightly movable
B. diarthroses − immovable
C. diarthroses − synovial
D. gomphoses − slightly movable
E. amphiarthroses − freely movable

C

Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid?

A. channels the flow of blood
B. strengthens and reinforces the joint
C. acts as a shock absorber
D. prevents movement
E. restricts joint movement

C

Small, synovial fluid-filled pockets in connective tissue are called ________.

A. bursae
B. tendons
C. intrinsic ligaments
D. extrinsic ligaments
E. fat pads

A

A specialized form of fibrous synarthrosis that binds each tooth to the surrounding bony socket is a ________.

A. synostosis
B. gomphosis
C. synchondrosis
D. syndesmosis
E. symphysis

B

Which type of joint in the body allows the greatest range of motion?

A. synarthrosis
B. suture
C. amphiarthrosis
D. diarthrosis

D

The articulations (joints) of the body tend to follow a pattern of increased strength, causing less motion at the joint. Which of these joints is the strongest?

A. the articulation between the frontal bone and a parietal bone
B. the shoulder
C. the knee
D. the pubic symphysis

A

Some joints contain fat pads. What purpose do you think these fat pads serve?

A. They connect the bones of the joint.
B. They contain synovial fluid, which reduces friction.
C. They provide a source of energy for the moving joint.
D. They protect the articular cartilages in the joint.

D

An example of angular motion away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is ________.

A. flexion
B. adduction
C. rotation
D. abduction
E. extension

D

Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between the articulating elements is ________.

A. flexion
B. adduction
C. extension
D. abduction
E. rotation

A

Pronation and supination occur at a/the ________.

A. radio-ulnar joint
B. temporomandibular joint
C. glenohumeral joint
D. humeroulnar joint
E. tibiofibular joint

A

Which of the following is an example of angular motion?

A. depression
B. eversion
C. extension
D. opposition
E. protraction

C

What movement occurs when the vertebral column bends to the side?

A. lateral flexion
B. abduction
C. elevation
D. flexion
E. adduction

A

The first carpometacarpal joint is an example of a/an ________.

A. ellipsoid joint
B. hinge joint
C. pivot joint
D. saddle joint
E. gliding joint

D

Moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane is called ________.

A. protraction
B. opposition
C. extension
D. flexion
E. retraction

A

A joint that allows only rotational movements is called a ________.

A. pivot joint
B. gliding joint
C. circumductive joint
D. ball and socket
E. pronation joint

A

Intercarpal joints are ________.

A. hinge joints
B. ball and socket joints
C. plane joints
D. ellipsoidal joints
E. None of the answers are correct.

C

If Alberto is standing in anatomical position, and he raises his arms laterally to the level of his shoulders, he has just done what motion?

A. lateral flexion
B. rotation
C. abduction
D. adduction

C

If you pinch your pencil between your fingers and thumb, what kind of motion are you doing in order to pick up your pencil?

A. eversion
B. lateral flexion
C. protraction
D. opposition

d

Which of the following joints is an example of a hinge joint?

A. elbow joint
B. the joint between the atlas and the axis
C. the articulation between the sternum and clavicles
D. shoulder joint

A

An A&P student is taking an exam and shakes his head from left to right, as if to say, “No! Not another question about joints!”. What kind of joint is allowing him to turn his head from left to right?

A. ball-and-socket joint
B. pivot joint
C. hinge joint
D. saddle joint

B

Based on your knowledge of anatomical terminology, when a ballerina stands on her toes, this movement is an example of which of the following?

A. circumduction
B. plantar flexion
C. dorsiflexion
D. opposition

B

The temporomandibular joint is ________.

A. a gliding joint
B. primarily a hinge joint
C. amphiarthrotic
D. actually made up of three separate joints

B

Why is the temporomandibular joint considered to be two separate synovial joints?

A. The joint has two extracapsular ligaments.
B. The joint can give you the front-to-back and side-to-side motions that you need when eating.
C. The joint allows you to move your mouth for speech and for chewing food.
D. A thick disc of cartilage separates the temporal bone and the mandible, forcing each to interact with the articular cartilage. This makes it function like two separate synovial joints.

D

The condition called ________ may occur under severe compression, when the nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrosus.

A. herniated disc
B. rheumatoid arthritis
C. a sprain
D. rheumatism
E. None of the answers are correct.

A

Which of the following motions can the vertebral column do?

A. rotation (twisting)
B. extension (bending backward)
C. flexion (bending forward)
D. All of the listed motions are correct.

D

The joint that permits the greatest range of motion in the entire body is the ________.

A. neck
B. elbow
C. knee
D. shoulder
E. hip

D

Which of the following ligaments keeps us from dislocating our clavicles from the sternum whenever the shoulders are shrugged?

A. posterior sternoclavicular ligament
B. the anterior sternoclavicular ligament
C. costoclavicular ligament
D. interclavicular ligament

C

The movement made at the proximal radioulnar joint when turning the palm of the hand upward is called ________.

A. flexion
B. retraction
C. pronation
D. extension
E. supination

E

What type of joint do you think you would find at the elbow?

A. a hinge joint
B. a ball-and-socket joint
C. a gliding joint
D. a suture (complete fusion of the two articulating bones)

A

The cruciate ligaments attach to the ________ of the tibia.

A. condyles
B. epicondyles
C. intercondylar area
D. anterior tuberosity
E. linea aspera

C

Which structure(s) is/are attached to the anterior surface of the tibia?

A. tibial collateral ligament
B. patellar ligament
C. popliteal ligament
D. fibular collateral ligament
E. anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

B

________ of the knee is preceded by unlocking of the knee.

A. Opposition
B. Protraction
C. Flexion
D. Extension
E. Retraction

C

What kind of motion would be likely to cause an individual to tear the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)?

A. excessive extension at the knee joint
B. excessive dorsiflexion in the foot
C. excessive rotation at the knee joint
D. excessive flexion at the hip joint

C

The articulations of the tarsal area are most comparable to which other joints?

A. shoulder joint
B. vertebral joints
C. carpal joints
D. cranial (sutural) joints

C

Which of the following fractures are among the most dangerous seen in elderly people?

A. wrist fractures
B. knee fractures
C. ankle fractures
D. hip fractures
E. elbow fractures

D

Arthritis always involves damage to (the) ________.

A. ligaments
B. bursae
C. bony tissue
D. articular cartilages
E. tendon sheaths

D

If Mable complains that her arthritis is bothering her, then we could certainly say that what part of her joints has been affected?

A. synovial fluid
B. extracapsular ligaments
C. bursae
D. articular cartilages

D

Which of the following does NOT occur as we age?

A. increased risk of fractures
B. increased chances of experiencing arthritis
C. separation of the skull sutures
D. demineralization of the bone matrix

C