2. basic emergency kit

Basic equipment kit

• Equipment

• Medication/drugs

EQUIPMENT

1. Oxygen delivery system

2. Portable suction machine

3. Spacer devices for inhalation of bronchodilator

4. Automated external defibrillator

5. Automated blood glucose measuring device

6. Pulse oximeter

7. Equipment for administering drugs via intramuscular route

Oxygen face mask with tube masks:

• simple mask

• Partial mask

• Non-rebreather mask

portable apparatus for administering oxygen which has ____1___ cylinders (_2_ size) that is equipped with pressure reduction valves & flow meters each cylinder contains __3__ each & allows a flow rate of __4__/minute for _5_ minutes

1. 2 oxygen

2. D

3. 340L

4. 10L

5. 30

Definition answer:

oxygen delivery system (compressed oxygen therapy)

no reservoir or valve

simple mask

simple mask & reservoir

partial mask

recommended; composed of a simple mask, reservoir, & a one way valve

non-rebreather mask

prevent the patient's exhaled air from mixing with the oxygen in the reservoir bag, since the flutter valves on the side of the mask allow exhaled air to escape freely

non-rebreather masks

functions by preventing the tongue from covering the epiglottis, which could hinder a person trom breathing

basic set of oropharyngeal airways (OPA) or Guedel airways

also color-coded: blue (size 0; smallest size used for 1); 2 (size 1); 3 (size 2); 4(size 3); 5 (size 4); & 6 (size 5; largest size)

1. Infants

2. Black

3. White

4. Green

5. Yellow

6. Red

Definition answer

basic set of oropharyngeal airways (OPA) or Guedel airways

staff must be appropriately trained to use this apparatus

self-inflating bag valve mask(BVM) or artificial manual breathing unit/AMBU bag(1L size)

with appropriate suction catheters & tubing (Yankauer suction tubes or suction catheters)

portable suction machine

empty/hollow tube-like device that is used with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

ensures that more amount of the medication reaches the lungs

spacer devices for inhalation of bronchodilators

delivers a dose of high energy electric shock to the heart through the chest wall

clinical areas should have immediate access to an AED (collapse-to-shock time is 1 mins)

1. < 3 mins

Definition answer

automated external defibrillator (AED)

measures blood glucose levels with a drop of blood after a finger prick

automated blood glucose measuring device

typically measures saturation of peripheral oxygen in arterial blood

Essential during conscious sedation

Pulse oximeter

normal SpO2

94 -99%

equipment for administering drugs via the intramuscular (IM) route

A) disposable sterile syringes (2mL/2cc and 10mL/10cc sizes)

B) disposable sterile needles (gauge 19 & gauge 21)

are used for giving most emergency drugs

Intramuscular (IM) injections

most accessible intramuscular site

outer lateral aspect of the thigh where the vastus lateralis muscle has no large arteries or nerves running through

can be administered through clothing at the mid-point between the pelvis & the knee

IM injection

not included in the emergency kit as recommended by the Resuscitation Council

corticosteroid

emergency kit does not include

intravenous (IV) medications

emergency treatment for anaphylaxis (severe, life-threatening allergic reaction)

1mg adrenaline (epinephrine) injection 1:1,000

Dosage in adult for anaphylaxis

0.5ml of 1:1,000 solution via the intramuscular (IM) route & repeat after 5 minutes if necessary

emergency treatment for hypoglycemia (low blood glucose level)

1mg glucagon injection

Dosage in adult for hypoglycemia

1mg glucagon via the intramuscular (IM) route

emergency treatment for hypoglycemia (low blood glucose level)- other treatment

oral glucose tablets / gels / powder / drinks

Dosage in adult for hypoglycemia - other treatment

15g glucose gel / powder / drink or 3-4 glucose tablets (1 tablet = 4g or 5g)

emergency treatment for acute exacerbation of asthma (widespread narrowing of bronchial airways resulting to difficulty in breathing)

100mcg/actuation of salbutamol (beta-2 agonist) aerosol inhaler/metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

Dosage in adult for acute exacerbation of asthma

direct actuation of 1-2 puffs (1 puff = 100mcg) with 4 breaths after 1 puff (this is repeated every 3-6 hours)

emergency treatment for status epilepticus (seizure that lasts > 5 minutes or seizures occur in quick succession with no recovery periods in between each episode)

10mg/mL of midazolam

Dosage for status epilepticus

1. >10 years old

2. 5- 10 years old

3. < 5 years old

• Via what?

1. 10mg

2. 7.5 mg

3. 5 mg

• buccal/oromucosal route

• through the intranasal route

intranasal route of status epilepticus

syringe is attached to a nasal atomizer (mucosal atomization device or MAD) and it is administered to both nostrils

buccal/oromucosal route of status epilepticus

pre-filled oral syringes or buccal liquid form of the drug (Buccolam) is available for ease of administration on the opposite sides of the buccal vestibule

emergency treatment for angina pectoris

400mcg/metered dose of glyceryl trinitrate spray (nitroglycerin)

dosage (adults) for angina pectoris

1-2 sublingual sprays of glyceryl trinitrate

1 must not be given to patients who have recently taken 2 because 3

1. Nitrate

2. Sildenafil

3. this may result in a drop in blood pressure

emergency treatment for myocardial infarction

300mg dispersible tablet of aspirin

heart attack; complete blockage of blood supply to the heart muscle

myocardial infarction

dosage (adults) for myocardial infarction

300mg dispersible aspirin (chewed & not swallowed as a whole)

5mL vials (four vials must be readily available) - needed when conscious sedation will be used

flumazenil (Romazicon)

used to reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines when used during surgery/other medical procedures or with benzodiazepine overdose cases only approved by the FDA for intravenous (IV) administration

flumazenil (Romazicon)

administration via the 1 route is not evidence-based

intramuscular (IM)

dosage (adults): 1 is for 2 administration; maximum of 3 is for the 4 route (it is highly unlike/y that multiple 5 doses will be required)

some recommend 6 via IM administration since this will aid in resuscitation without harming the patient, particularly in cases when emergency medical services (EMS) is delayed

1. 0.01mg/kg

2. IV administration

3. 0.2mg/dose

4. IM

5. multiple IV doses

6. 2 doses (1mg/dose)