Ideal Gas Law and Its Applications

These flashcards cover key concepts and vocabulary related to the ideal gas law, its applications, and related calculations.

Ideal Gas Law

An equation that relates pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas, represented as PV = NRT.

Gas Constant (R)

A constant used in the ideal gas law, with two common values: 0.08206 L·atm/(K·mol) and 62.36 L·mmHg/(K·mol).

Significant Figures

The number of meaningful digits in a measurement, critical for accuracy in calculations.

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

Defined as a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 K) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (760 mmHg).

Molar Volume

The volume occupied by one mole of a gas at STP, equal to 22.4 liters.

Density of Gas

The mass of gas per unit volume, typically expressed in grams per liter (g/L).

Conversion from Atmospheres to PSI

To convert pressure from atmospheres to pounds per square inch (PSI), use the factor: 1 atm = 14.7 PSI.

Moles Calculation

To find the number of moles from grams, divide mass by the molar mass of the substance.

Temperature Conversion to Kelvin

To convert Celsius to Kelvin, add 273.15 to the Celsius temperature.

Algebraic Manipulation of Ideal Gas Law

To solve for pressure, volume, or moles, rearrange the ideal gas law equation appropriately.

Unit Cancellation in Gas Law Calculations

A method used to ensure that all units are properly aligned and canceled out to arrive at the correct answer.

Pressure in Ideal Gas Law

In the ideal gas law equation, pressure (P) can be found by rearranging the equation to P = nRT/V.

Gas Behavior Under Standard Conditions

Real gases approximate ideal behavior at low pressure and high temperature.

Molar Mass Calculation

Molar mass is calculated by dividing mass of the gas (in grams) by the number of moles.

Helium Balloon Phenomenon

Helium balloons float in air because helium is less dense than the nitrogen-rich atmosphere.

Gases Under STP

At STP, one mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters, regardless of its identity.

Density Formula for Ideal Gas

The density of an ideal gas can be calculated using the formula: Density = (Pressure × Molar Mass) / (R × Temperature).