Week 9 : Attraction

What is self expansion theory

People form relationship to grow and fulfill their personal potential however, one the initial excitement wear off boredom may set in

What is the propinquity effect

The people who see and interact with the most are most likely to become your friends and lovers

What are 2 factors propinquity relies on

1. Physical distance

2. Functional distance

What is functional distance

Architectural and structural design that determine which people you cross paths with most often

What is the mere exposure effect

Finding that the more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more we are to like it

What is complementarity

Opposites attract

What is most effective in bringing people together, similarity or complementarity

Similarity

When is similarity more important in relationships

When we want a serious committed relationship not when we want a fling

When we play hard to get, what does this increase and decrease

How much the person wants to be with you increase, however how much the reason likes you decreases

Across studies, what trait do men and women find most important and triggers sexual desire

Physical attractiveness

What is the familiarity effect

When participants rated attractiveness of faces they prefers those that most resembled their own

What is the halo effect

Cognitive bias where we tend to assume individual has more positive characteristics that are unrelated due to physical attraction

What characteristics do people find when they observe someone beautiful

• sociable

• Extroverted

• Assertiveness

• Sexual

Near ovulation and peak ovulation, women tend to exhibit greater preference with men who exhibit outwards signs of ____

Reproductive fitness like symmetrical face and muscular physique

Who are more picky when choosing a partner or someone they want to go out with

Women

If women are approaching men, are they less likely to be picky

Yes

Which gender is more likely to look less accurate in photos on dating websites

Females

What are the 2 types of love

Companionate and passionate

What is companionate love

Feelings of intimacy and affection we feel toward someone with whom our lives are deeply intertwined

What is passionate love

The feelings of intense longing accompanied by physiological arousal we feel for another person, when ours is reciprocated we feel immense pleasure and if rejected we feel sadness

What is Sternbergs triangular theory

Theory that there are 3 major components to love

What are the 3 components of love according to triangular theory

• intimacy

• Passion

• Commitment

What is intimacy defined as

Closeness and connectedness

What is passion in triangular theory

Physical attractions and drives that lead to sexual relations

What components is liking composed of

Intimacy alone

What components is romantic love composed of

Intimacy and passion

What components if companionate love composed of

intimacy and commitment

What composes fatuous love

Passion and commitment

What does infatuation compose of

Passion alone

What composes empty love

Commitment alone

What type of societies value romantic love as critical for marriage

Individualistic

What countries tend to value passionate love more than Asian countries

American

What type of love is valued by Asian countries more than American couples do

Companionate love

In East Africa what combination of love is valued

companionate and passionate love

What does the Japanese word Amae describe

Refers to the desire to be love, pampered or to rely on another persons benevolence; characterized by indulgent childlike dependence on a caregiver or partner

What is the closest word that describes amae in America

Dependency

How is the Chinese concept Gan Qing achieved

By helping and working for another person (acts of service)

What is the Korean concept of jung

What ties 2 people together, a feeling of a strange and unexplainable connection

What does Xiao mean

Xiao: the objective and devotion shown by children to their parents

What does Guanxi mean

relationships as a network of connections

What 2 brain areas activate when looking at someone we love

• ventral regimental area (VTA)

• Caudate nucleus

What is VTA in charge of activating

Reward behaviours

What neurotransmitters is VTA rich in

Dopamine

What is the social exchange theory

theory that our social behaviour is an exchange process aimed to maximize benefits and minimize costs

What is the comparison level

People’s expectations about the level of rewards and costs they are likely to receive in a particular relationship

What are comparison level for alternatives

Your satisfaction with a relationship depends on your perception of the likelihood that you could replace it with a better one

What is the investment model

theory that peoples feelings about commitment to a relationship depends on not only their satisfaction with the relationship but also on how much they have invested in the relationship that would be lost by ending it

What is an investment

Anything people have put into a relationship that will be lost if they leave it

Greater the investment put in a relationship, the less likely they are to ___

Leave even when satisfaction is low and other alternatives look promising

Equity theory

The idea that people are happiest with relationships in which the rewards and costs experienced by both parties are roughly equal

What is the exchange relationship

Relationships governed by the need for equity

What is communal relationships

Relationships in which peoples primary concern is being responsive to the others needs

What are the 4 stages do we believe occur that end a relationship

1. Intrapersonal where individuals think a lot about their dissatisfaction with their relationship

2. Dyadic where individuals discuss the break with partner

3. Social where breakup is announced to others

4. Back to intrapersonal where individual recovers from the breakup and develops an account of how and why it happened

What are the 3 main themes in terms of women’s emotional reactions to their breakups

• shame or guilt

• Feelings of failure

• Isolation and loneliness

What do people from many different cultures prefer in faces with potential partners

Symmetrical

Why is symmetry so important

Good health and desirable genes

In a study conducted, women smelled shirts that men slept in from 3 nights, which shirts did women prefer

The ones with different immune systems

What neurotransmitters fire when you are attracted to someone

dopamine and norepinephrine

What neurotransmitters fire when we kiss

Dopamine and oxytocin

What neurotransmitters decreases when you kiss

Cortisol (stress)

What is frustration attraction

Being rejected by a love interest can increase feelings of attraction whether that’s physical, social or sexual

What neurotransmitters decreases in frustration attraction

Serotonin

What neurotransmitters does frustration attraction increase production in

dopamine

What does criticism lead to in a relationship

Escalation of a conflict

What is the best indicator for divorce

contempt

What does contempt erode

the immune system

What is stonewalling

withdrawing from a conversation

In hetero relationships who is most likely to stonewall

Men

What is misattribution

mistakenly attributing a behaviour to the wrong source

What is singer 2 factor theory of emotion

based on the idea that emotions are the sum of 2 factors

1. Your physical reactions

2. Cognitive label

Can physiological reactions be misinterpreted as signals for love

Yes