History 202 Final Review

Marxism

A political and economic theory developed by Karl Marx that advocates for a classless society through the abolition of private property. It critiques capitalism and argues that if the Proletariat (workers) masses started a revolution, they would be able to overthrow capitalism and live in a utopian society.

Leninism

An ideological extension of Marxism, biggest difference was that he believed a smaller, disciplined communist party would lead to a successful communist revolution rather than the spontaneous uprising of the Proletariat.

Maoism

A form of Marxism adapted by Mao Zedong, emphasizing the role of the peasantry in revolution and advocating for guerrilla warfare and agrarian socialism as the pathway to communism.

Mao Zedong

A Chinese communist ruler who successfully led a communist revolution and founded the Chinese People’s Republic. He was incredibly charismatic and effective at justifying his ideas, but also mercilessly tortured and executed anyone who opposed his rule/policies. He was responsible for millions of deaths in China

Etienne Cabet

A French philosopher and utopian socialist who however rejected violent revolution. He believed that if everyone was inspired by a common dream of utopia, they would be able to live together in harmony. He tried to establish several utopian experiments in the US (including Nauvoo)

Giuseppe Mazzini

An Italian politician who wanted Italy to be an independent republic, not part of the Holy Roman Empire, and an example of democratic nationalism

What were the 4 main products of the First Industrial Revolution (early 1800s)?

Textiles (mechanized process), machinery, steamships, railroads

What were the 4 main products of the Second Industrial Revolution (mid 1800s)?

Chemicals, steel, electricity, automobiles

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Founder of modern Turkiye, wanted to shift the nation to a more Western, secular state W

What were the Six Arrows that Mustafa Ataturk used to found Turkiye?

Republicanism, nationalism, statism, secularism, populism, revolutionism

What countries were part of the Triple Entente during WWI?

Britain, France, Russia

What countries were part of the Triple Alliance in WWI?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

What is the significance of the Lusitania?

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German submarine, forcing the US to join the war because US citizens were also on board

What were the effects of the development of the atomic bomb?

They took warfare to the next level by introducing the idea of mutually assured destruction, because if one nation attacked another nation with nuclear weapons, they would almost guarantee their own destruction via retaliation. So the more nations have nuclear weapons, the less likely it is for nuclear war to even happen because no one wants to rule a world where most people have been killed :/

Who wrote the White Man’s Burden poem?

Rudyard Kipling

Why was the Treaty of Versailles a failure?

Europe agreed to an armistice, so Germany had reason to claim they could have won the war, led into WWII

Planed on a “blameless truce”, but they totally blamed Germany (which is fair)