COM 102 Module 7 - Listening

listening

the learned process of receiving, interpreting, recalling, evaluating, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages

hearing

taking in stimuli through auditory and visual senses

salience

the degree to which something attracts attention in a particular context

environmental noise

sound from the surrounding area that interfere with hearing

psychological noise

emotional feelings as well as thoughts

physiological noise

physical distractions within the body

back-channel cues

verbal and nonverbal signals we send while someone is talking

discriminative listening

a focused and usually instrumental type of listening that is primarily physiological and occurs mostly at the receiving stage of the listening process

informational listening

listening with the goal of comprehending and retaining information

critical listening

listening with the goal of analyzing or evaluating a message based on information presented verbally and information that can be inferred from context; evaluating the credibility, completeness, and worth of a speaker’s message

empathetic listening

most challenging form of listening and occurs when we try to understand or experience what a speaker is thinking or feeling

people-oriented listeners

listeners concerned about the needs and feelings of others and may get distracted from a specific task or the content of a message in order to address feelings

action-oriented listeners

listeners that prefer well-organized, precise, and accurate information

content-oriented listeners

listeners who are analytic and enjoy processing complex messages, they like to hear multiple perspectives

time-oriented listeners

listeners concerned with completing tasks and achieving goals, may cut people off when they think they have enough information

interrupting

interjecting, not always considered bad listening (can be to show support or excitement about what the speaker as said)

distorted listening

information is warped by our existing schemata

eavesdropping

attempting to secretly listen to a conversation

aggressive listening

paying attention in order to attack something the speaker says

narcissistic listening

listeners try to make the interaction about them

pseudo-listening

acting as though you are paying attention when you aren’t actually

active listening

the process of pairing outwardly visible positive listening behaviors with positive cognitive listening practices