Classical Conditioning

UCR (Unconditioned Response)

A natural reaction to an unconditioned stimulus, such as salivating when food is presented.

US (Unconditioned Stimulus)

A stimulus that naturally triggers a response; for example, food in the mouth leading to salivation.

NS (Neutral Stimulus)

Something that initially elicits no response before conditioning occurs, like the sound of a bell.

CS (Conditioned Stimulus)

A neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus and triggers a conditioned response.

CR (Conditioned Response)

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has become conditioned, such as salivation when hearing a bell.

What is an example of an Unconditioned Response (UCR)?

Salivating when food is presented.

What does the term Neutral Stimulus (NS) refer to in classical conditioning?

A stimulus that initially elicits no response before conditioning occurs.

What happens in the pairing of a CS and US?

The Neutral Stimulus (NS) becomes associated with the Unconditioned Stimulus (US) and produces a Conditioned Response (CR).

In classical conditioning, what is spontaneous recovery?

The sudden reappearance of an extinguished response.

What is the significance of Pavlov’s Experiment in classical conditioning?

It was foundational in demonstrating how a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus through association.

What is extinction in classical conditioning?

The gradual loss of an association over time when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

What did Watson's 'Little Albert' experiment demonstrate?

Learned fear responses through conditioning, showing that emotional responses could be conditioned.

What is the definition of discrimination in classical conditioning?

The learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.

Provide an example of a Conditioned Response (CR).

A dog salivating upon hearing a bell that has been associated with food.

What is a real-life example of conditioning with advertising?

Coca-Cola becoming a conditioned stimulus linked to excitement and happiness after association with Christmas.

In the coffee aroma example, what is the Unconditioned Stimulus (US)?

The actual intake of coffee that naturally makes you feel energetic.

What does the term 'stimulus' refer to in the context of conditioning?

Anything that elicits a response.

What is classical conditioning?

Classical conditioning is a learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.