Antibiotics: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

classes of protein synthesis inhibitors

oxazolidinones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, chloramphenicol, mupirocin, streptogramin

oxazolidinones

linezolid, tedizolid

linezolid

protein synthesis inhibitor, binds to 23S rRNA (long strand) of 50S subunit (big subunit) to prevent initiation of ribosomal assembly, G+, substitute treatment for drug-resistant S. aureus

tedizolid

protein synthesis inhibitor, binds to 23S rRNA (long strand) of 50S subunit (big subunit) to prevent initiation of ribosomal assembly, G+, substitute treatment for drug-resistant S. aureus

aminoglycosides

amikacin, capreomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, paromomycin, spiramycin, streptomycin, tobramycin

amikacin

protein synthesis inhibitor, irreversibly binds to 30S subunit (small subunit) to block translation and cause incorporation of incorrect amino acids into proteins, G-, does contain some renal and CNS side effects

capreomycin

protein synthesis inhibitor, irreversibly binds to 30S subunit (small subunit) to block translation and cause incorporation of incorrect amino acids into proteins, G-, does contain some renal and CNS side effects

gentamicin

protein synthesis inhibitor, irreversibly binds to 30S subunit (small subunit) to block translation and cause incorporation of incorrect amino acids into proteins, G-, does contain some renal and CNS side effects

kanamycin

protein synthesis inhibitor, irreversibly binds to 30S subunit (small subunit) to block translation and cause incorporation of incorrect amino acids into proteins, G-, does contain some renal and CNS side effects

neomycin

protein synthesis inhibitor, irreversibly binds to 30S subunit (small subunit) to block translation and cause incorporation of incorrect amino acids into proteins, G-, does contain some renal and CNS side effects

paromycin

protein synthesis inhibitor, irreversibly binds to 30S subunit (small subunit) to block translation and cause incorporation of incorrect amino acids into proteins, G-, does contain some renal and CNS side effects

spiramycin

protein synthesis inhibitor, irreversibly binds to 30S subunit (small subunit) to block translation and cause incorporation of incorrect amino acids into proteins, G-, does contain some renal and CNS side effects

streptomycin

protein synthesis inhibitor, irreversibly binds to 30S subunit (small subunit) to block translation and cause incorporation of incorrect amino acids into proteins, G-, does contain some renal and CNS side effects

tobramycin

protein synthesis inhibitor, irreversibly binds to 30S subunit (small subunit) to block translation and cause incorporation of incorrect amino acids into proteins, G-, does contain some renal and CNS side effects

neosporing

neomycin (G-, protein synthesis), polymyxin B (G-, cell membrane), bacitracin (G+, cell wall)

tetracyclines

“-cycline”, binds to 30s subunit (small subunit) and inhibits tRNA from entering A site, G-/G+/cell wall less, reduced usage due to wide-spread resistance and liver/renal toxicity, still used to treat atypical infections and severe acne, not recommended for pregnant/nursing/children

macrolides

azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, natamycin, telithromycin, most prescribed class of antibiotics

azithryomycin

protein synthesis inhibitor, binds reversibly to 23S rRNA in P-site of 50S subunit (big subunit) and inhibits both peptidyl transferase and translocation, G+ and some G-, have anti-inflammatory properties, can be used to treat disease like COPD

clarithromycin

protein synthesis inhibitor, binds reversibly to 23S rRNA in P-site of 50S subunit (big subunit) and inhibits both peptidyl transferase and translocation, G+ and some G-, have anti-inflammatory properties, can be used to treat disease like COPD

erythromycin

protein synthesis inhibitor, binds reversibly to 23S rRNA in P-site of 50S subunit (big subunit) and inhibits both peptidyl transferase and translocation, G+ and some G-, have anti-inflammatory properties, can be used to treat disease like COPD

natamycin

protein synthesis inhibitor, binds reversibly to 23S rRNA in P-site of 50S subunit (big subunit) and inhibits both peptidyl transferase and translocation, G+ and some G-, have anti-inflammatory properties, can be used to treat disease like COPD

telithromycin

protein synthesis inhibitor, binds reversibly to 23S rRNA in P-site of 50S subunit (big subunit) and inhibits both peptidyl transferase and translocation, G+ and some G-, have anti-inflammatory properties, can be used to treat disease like COPD

lincosamides

clindamycin, bind to 23S rRNA of 50S subunit (big subunit) and prevent translocation, G+ and anaerobic G-, increases risk of opportunistic Clostridium difficile

chloramphenicol

binds to 23S rRNA in 50S subunit (big subunit) and prevents peptidyl transferase, G-/G+, severe side effects, many drug interactions, used in eye drops but rarely preferred IV/orally over safer drugs

mupirocin

bind to tRNA and prevent isoleucine incorporation into polypeptide chain, G+, topical antibiotic, used to treat MRSA

streptogramin

dalfopristin and quinupristin, bind to the 50S subunit and prevent elongation (peptidyl transferase - dalfopristin)(translocation - quinupristin), G-/G+, often effective at treating vancomycin resistant organisms, bacteriostatic individually but bactericidal when administered together