Gilded Age + Progressive Movement Test

what does progressive mean?

moving forward or improving

list 3 problems in the U.S. that began the progressive movement:

growing gap between rich+poor. temperance movement, women still couldn’t vote

what is a muckraker?

people who wrote about bad things in America to expose corruption to the public

the ________ ________ was between 1890-1920 and it was a series of reform efforts economically, poltically, and socially.

progressive movement

Who wrote How the Other Half Lives?

Jacob Riis

true or false: Upton SInclair fought for better living conditions for the thousands of immigrants flocking to NY in search of new opportunities.

false, Jacob Riis

true or false: in 1906 Upton Sinclair published The Inspector, a novel about the American meatpacking industry.

false, The Jungle

Which of the following is TRUE about the working conditions in the American meatpacking plants?

a. dead animals were being slaughtered, filth, and products going into sausage that shouldn’t have been there.

b. work in the meat plant involved backbreaking labor in unsafe conditions. if i’ll or injured the worker was fired; hundreds of jobless men fought to replace him.

c. workers in the pickling room had their fingers eaten by acid. cooks lived in danger of falling into open vats of boiling meat.

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

true or false: How the Other Half Lives raised such an outcry that President Theodore Roosevelt called for an investigation of the meat-packing industry.

true

true or false: as a result of The Jungle, a horrified Congress passed Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act of 1906.

true

true or false: the goal of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle was to improve the working conditions for the workers. not have meat inspection laws passed.

true

true or false: progressivism was mainly a white, middle-class, protestant movement.

true

which of the following was a goal of the national association for the advancement of colored people (NAACP)?

a. Help African Americans be physically free from forced, low-paid labor

b. Help African Americans be mentally free from ignorance

c. Help African Americans be politically free from disenfranchisement

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

true or false: the NAACP included both white and black progressives who had worked in other areas of social reform

true

who founded the NAACP?

W.E.B Du Bois

why did Booker T. Washington believe it was important to learn a trade (skill job)?

a. it allowed black people to own their own business

b. it guaranteed immediate civil rights for black people

c. it made black people more employable to white business owners

d. it offered a simple way for black people to take out government loans

c. it made black people more employable to white business owners

W.E.B DuBois thought that Booker T. Washington’s philosophy would lead African Americans to a life of...

second-class citizenship

which of the following best describes W.E.B. DuBois approach to civil rights?

a. give and take between races

b. gradual attainment of civil rights

c. complete civil rights immediately

d. economic equality with social segregation

c. complete civil rights immediately

which of the following best describes the relationship between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois?

a. Washington and DuBois were better rivals who clashed in public debate throughout the early 1900s.

b. Washington and DuBois were politicians who worked together to lobby for policy changes in civil rights and education

c. Washington and DuBois were academics who collaborated on a comprehensive plan for economic and political equality.

d. Washington and DuBois were public intellectuals who offered differing views on how African Americans can achieve civil rights.

d. Washington and DuBois were public intellectuals who offered differing views on how African Americans can achieve civil rights.

The Talented Tenth can best be described as group of…

highly educated black people who DuBois believed would lead the fight for civil rights

how did the views of Washington and DuBois about the nature of civil rights differ?

Washington: economic independence before civil rights, tolerate discrimination+segregation, slowly but surely civil rights would come

DuBois: demand social+civil rights, fight everyday, wanted rights immediately or else they would be stuck as 2nd-class citizens

female reformers wanted to do all of the following to help fix society EXCEPT:

a. improve family life

b. limit the number of work hours; establish a minimum wage and an 8 hour work day

c. ban the sale and consumption of tobacco because it made men neglect their families

d. improve the quality of life for women, by opening up things like birth control clinics

c. ban the sale and consumption of tobacco because it made men neglect their families

the right to vote is known as ________.

suffrage

which amendment officially gave women the right to vote?

19th

which state became the 36th state to ratify the amendment, giving it the 2/3 majority of state ratification necessary to make it the law of the land?

tennessee

list 3 tactics that women used to campaign for the right to vote:

marches in Washington D.C, went on hunger strikes, show up to polls on election day to force officials to turn them away

who was Jane Addams?

was a social worker who campaigned for justice and world peace

who was Carrie Chapman catt?

supporter of the national American women’s suffrage association (NAWSA)

who was Ida B. Wells?

setup daycare centers to educate black children while their parents worked

who was margaret Sanger?

opened the first birth control clinic in 1916 (it was considered a public nuisance)

who was Florence Kelley?

formed the women’s trade union league (WTUL) to improve working conditions for women

who mainly made up the workforce of the triangle shirtwaist factory?

mostly immigrant women

how many people died in the triangle shirtwaist factory fire?

146 workers

direct election of senators:

17th amendment

who created the term muckraker?

theodore roosevelt

list 3 specific reforms in the progressive movement:

19th amendment, 8 hour work day, meat inspection act

what was the name of the theory that business tycoons used to justify why poor people were poor and why businesses failed?

social darwinism

the period immediately after the reconstruction era, lasting from 1876 to about 1900 was known as…

the Gilded age

all of the following were causes of the Gilded Age except:

a. lots of natural resources

b. new technology

c. lots of cheap labor

d. lots of industrial tycoons

d. lots of industrial tycoons

what became the first billion dollar corporation in the U.S?

U.S. steel

who was the richest man in the world during the Gilded Age?

Rockefeller

which of the following is not an example of a push factor?

a. political chaos

b. war

c. lack of jobs

d. religious and political freedom

d. religious and political freedom

following the civil war, large numbers of European and Asian immigrants flocked to the United States chasing the _______ _______ - the idea of going from “rags to riches.”

american dream

which of the following is not an example of a pull factor?

a. cheap land

b. job opportunities

c. famine

d. family already in U.S.

c. famine

what two names were the industrial capitalists of the time period known as?

robber barons, captains of industry

who is responsible for creating the term “Gilded Age” to describe the extreme corruption of the time period?

mark twain

________ is a dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries.

xenophobia

why were some immigrants quarantined on Ellis Island?

some weren’t healthy enough to enter the U.S. and were deemed contagious

all of the following are true about immigration during the Gilded Age EXCEPT:

a. among immigrants to the US, most immigrants were young people between the ages of 15 and 30

b. immigrants provided a workforce to power the new factories and industries of cities

c. the majority of immigrants were unskilled laborers with little money or education

d. by 1870, millions of “new” immigrants swarmed to the US from Western and Northern Europe

d. by 1870, millions of “new” immigrants swarmed to the US from Western and Northern Europe

when immigrants traveling from Europe arrived in the US, which processing station did they have to go through?

Ellis Island

this law passed in 1882 prevented Asian immigrants unless they could prove they were American citizens or had relatives living in the US…

Chinese Exclusion Act

________ was based on the belief that immigrants posed a threat to native born Americans and their way of life.

nativism

when immigrants traveling from Asia arrived in the US, which processing station did they have to go through?

Angel Island

all of the following were problems that occurred in cities during the Gilded Age EXCEPT:

a. cities were filthy, featuring unpaved streets that were littered with trash and human waste

b. most immigrants were able to live in spacious, single family homes with running water and plumbing

c. crime and violence were rampant issues in cities during the time period and the police could do little help

d. those who could not afford to ride mass transit had to live within walking distance of factories for work

b. most immigrants were able to live in spacious, single family homes with running water and plumbing

how were Angel Island and Ellis Island different?

angel: unwelcoming, specifically designed to prevent immigrants from coming into the U.S.

ellis: welcoming

why were immigrants coming to the U.S. either forced or/chose to live in ghettos:

forced: economic pressures and nativism

chose: shared customs and culture (food, background, clothes, etc.)

a term originally used to describe a business leader whose means of amassing a personal fortune contributes positvely to the country in some way. this may have been through increased productivity, expansion of markets, providing more jobs, or acts of philanthropy.

captains of industry

a disparaging term used to describe a powerful 19th century businessman or banker who used questionable or unethical business practices to become powerful or wealthy.

robber barons

list what industry each businessman controlled:

1. Andrew Carnegie -

2. John D. Rockefeller -

3. J.P. Morgan -

4. Cornelius Vanderbilt -

1. steel

2. oil

3. banking

4. railroads

why did every able-bodied family member have to work at this time?

to keep the family above poverty level

some reforms that were passed to prohibit child labor included:

1. enforce a minimum working age

2. prohibit dangerous jobs+conditions

3. establish maximum hours children could work

who was Lewis Hine and what role did he play in reforming child labor?

investigator for the national child labor committee, he secretly interviewed kids + took pictures to widely distribute them around the country/world