chapter 12+13 review

gentrification

the transformation of lower-income neighborhoods into higher-income areas

urban renewal

the comprehensive redevelopment of deteriorating urban areas, often involving government-led clearance of "slums" and rebuilding to boost economic activity, increase tax revenue, and address urban decay.

food deserts

a low-income, geographically isolated area with limited access to affordable, nutritious food, typically lacking supermarkets

squatter settlements

llegal, informal residential areas—often called shanty towns, favelas, or barriadas—built on land without legal ownership, usually on city peripheries in developing countries

clustered rural settlement

an agricultural community where homes, barns, and community structures are grouped closely together, often surrounding a central feature like a church, village green, or water source.

dispersed rural settlement

isolated farms, homes, and structures scattered across a large area, rather than being concentrated in a central village.

megacity

a metropolitan area with a population exceeding 10 million people,

metacity

an urban agglomeration (city + surrounding suburbs) with a population exceeding 20 million people