Nucleotides

Nucleotide polymer

Polynucleotide

What a nucleotides composed of

A phosphate, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base.

What are the 2 types of nitrogenous base

Purines and pyrimidines

Purines

Larger and have a double ring structure.

Pyrimidines

Smaller and have a single ring structure.

which nitrogenous bases are purines

adenine and guanine

Which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines

cytosine, thymine and uracil

What is the bond between 2 nucleotides called

Phosphodiester bond

Which groups does a phosphodiester bond form between

The phosphate and pentose sugar

What is ATP

A phosphorylated nucleotide.

What is ATP composed of

Ribose and adenine, which form adenosine, with 3 phosphate groups attached.

How much energy is released when ATP is hydrolysed into ADP

30.6 KJmol^-1

What is ATP referred to as

The universal energy carrier

Why is ATP referred to as universal

ATP is found in all cells/organisms.

Why is ATP described as an energy carrier

Acts as an immediate source of energy for biological processes. ATP is small and water-soluble so is easily transported around the cell. Also links energy releasing reactions (respiration) to energy requiring processes e.g. active transport.

What are other important nucleotides and there function.

Coenzyme A (CoA): carries acetate groups in respiration.

Flavine Adenine dinucleotide (FAD): Hydrogen carrier in respiration.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD): Hydrogen carrier in respiration.