PURCOM FINALS

1. Text-based (words, leLers)

2. Symbol-based(pictures, icons)

3. Electronic (soNware or devices

Communication aids can be

They help presenters:

✅ Highlight key points

✅ Make ideas easier to understand

✅ Capture and maintain aLen:on

WHY USE COMMUNICATION AIDS?

1. Powerpoint

2. Prezi

3. Slideshare

4. Brainshark

5. TED.com

There are a number of communica:on aids available for you to use to enhance your presenta:on.

1. Artefacts or props

2. Charts

3. Drawings

4. Flip Chart

5. Graphs

6. Models

7. Multimedia presentations

8. Objects

9. Paper Handouts

10. Photographs

11. Powerpoint

12. The speaker

13. Transparencies

14. Video

15. Black/White Board

DIFFERENT KINDS OF COMMUNICATION AIDS

Drawings

Illustrations, sketches, and visual outlines used to explain ideas, processes, or structures clearly.

Graphs

Visual representation of numerical data used to show trends, rela:onships, and comparisons.

Models

3D representation of objects that are too large, small, or unavailable to show in their real form.

Multimedia Presenta:ons

Allow you to integrate a variety of visual aids including charts, maps, photographs, and video-in the same talk.

Objects

Any physical items used to support a message, similar to props, oNen used in demonstra:ons.

Paper Handouts

Printed materials given to the audience containing detailed informa:on or supplementary content.

Photographs

Images used to provide realis:c visual examples of the topic being used.

Powerpoint

Digital slide presenta:ons that display text, images, and mul:media to guide a speaker's key points.

The Speaker

Use of gestures, facial expressions, and movements to emphasize ideas and demonstrate ac:ons.

Transparencies

Printed visuals shown through an overhead projector to display informa:on in front of an audience.

White/Black Board

A writing surface used to explain informa:on stepby-step, illustrate concepts, and highlight key terms.

Communication

Is the process of passing informa:on from one person to another.

To inform

share knowledge or facts.

To instruct

teach or explain how to do something

To Entertain

make the audience enjoy and relax

To Persuade

convince the audience to believe or do something.

1. Informative Speech

2. Persuasive Speech

3. Argumentative Speech

4. Entertaining Speech

5. Inspirational Speech

TYPES OF SPEECHES

Informative Speech

Is one in which the speaker relays knowledge to an audience on a specific topic. There are four dis:nct categories of topic : Things, People, Places, Methods, Events, Ideas

Argumentative Speech

A speech that aims to change the audience's opinions on a controversial topic by presen:ng a problem, suppor:ng it with facts, and offering a solu:on. It should rely on evidence rather than emo:on and remain unbiased throughout.

1. Appeal to reason

2. Appeal to entertain

3. Appeal to character

TYPES OF APPEAL

Appeal to reason

Uses logic and common ground to explain ideas

Appeal to entertain

connects with audience's beliefs and feelings

Appeal to Character

Appeals to morals, jus:ce, and fairness.

1. Crows pleaser

2. Hold attention

PURPOSE OF ENTERTAINING SPEECH

Inspirational Speech

A speech that aims to motivate and upliN the audience by promo:ng posi:ve values and confidence. It uses real-life or faith-based stories from famous or ordinary people to inspire success, encouraging listeners to believe in themselves and pursue their goals with determina:on.

1. Optimism

2. Achievable Goals

3. Passion

4. Confidence

THE MAIN ELEMENTS TO WRITING AN INSPIRATIONAL SPEECH

1. Acceptance Speech

2. Anniversary Speech

3. Birthday Speech

4. Commencement Speech

5. Demonstrative Speech

6. Entertaining Speech

7. Eulogy

8. Farewell Speech

9. Graduation Speech

10. Impromptu Speech

11. Informative Speech

12. Inspirational Speech

13. Introduction Speech

14. Motivational Speech

15. Persuasive Speech

16. Retirement Speech

17. Toast

18. Tribute Speech

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

Acceptance Speech

Given when receiving an award; expresses gra:tude and apprecia:on to those who supported the speaker

Anniversary Speech

Congratulates a couple on their milestone; informal, sharing memories and well-wishes.

Birthday Speech

Delivered by or for the celebrant; informal, includes gree:ngs and toasts.

Demonstra:ve Speech

Shows how to do something using visuals and stepby-step guidance.

Entertaining Speech

Aims to amuse the audience with humor, stories, and enjoyable content.

Eulogy

Delivered at funerals to honor the deceased by sharing memories and expressing loss and apprecia:on.

Farewell Speech

Giving for someone Leaving; expresses gra:tude, memories, and best wishes.

Gradua:on Speech

Delivered by a student at gradua:on; reflects on memories and looks toward the future.

Impromptu Speech

Given with little or no prepara:on; tests quick thinking and communica:on skills.

Informa:ve Speech

Educates the audience about a topic using facts and data.

Inspira:onal Speech

Encourages self-belief and confidence through upliNing stories and posi:ve messages.

Introduc:on Speech

Introduces another speaker and their topic to the audience.

Memorized Speech

Written and memorized word-for-word; delivered without notes.

Mo:va:onal Speech

Inspires the audience to take ac:on or adopt a new mindset.

Persuasive Speech

Convinces the audience to accept a viewpoint or take a specific ac:on.

Re:rement Speech

Given upon leaving work; reflects on achievements and expresses gra:tude.

Toast

A short speech with a raised glass to honor a person or event.

Tribute Speech

Honors and praises someone (Living or deceased) for their contribu:ons or character.

COMMUNICATION IN THE WORKPLACE

It is essential that you always place emphasis on communica:on skills in the workplace. By consistently striving to improve your skills in this area, you will be able to successfully establish strong business rela:onships with those that you work with.

1. Visual Communication

2. Written Communication

3. Verbal Communication

4. Non-Verbal Communication

FOUR TYPES OF COMMUNICATION IN THE WORKPLACE TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY

Visual Communication

It is common to incorporate visual communica:on in order to share ideas that relate to the business, provide informa:on to those that work in the company, and to outline specific points that need to be emphasized for the success of the business

Written Communication

This form of communication involves either writting or typing out information, facts, figures, and other types of necessary information in order to express ideas among those in a business.

1. It is a permanent means of communica:on.

2. Useful where record maintenance is required.

3. It assists in proper delega:on of responsibili:es.

ADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

1. Written communica:on does not save upon the costs.

2. Too much paperwork and e-mails burden is involved.

3. Written communication is time-consuming as the feedback is not immediate.

DISADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Is a core component when it comes to the overall success of a business. Means that certain sounds, specific languages, and the spoken word may be used. In today's world, there is a large diversity of individuals that make up the standard workforce.

1. There is a high level of understanding and transparency in oral communication

2. There is no element of rigidity in oral communication.

3. The feedback is spontaneous

ADVANTAGES of Verbal Communication

1. Oral communication is less authentic

2. Oral communication is time-saving

3. Oral communications are not easy to maintain

DISADVANTAGES of Verbal Communication

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

When this occurs, it means that a physical manner of communication is being used to share ideas and meanings among others.

1. Kinesics

2. Oculesics

3. Haptics

4. Proxemics

5. Chronemics

6. Paralinguistics

7. Physical Appearance

THE COMPONENTS OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION ARE:

KINESICS

It is the study of facial expressions, postures & gestures.

OCULESICS

It is the study of the role of eye contact in nonverbal communication.

HAPTICS

It is the study of touching.

CHRONEMICS

It is the study of the use of time in non-verbal communication.

PARALINGUISTICS

It is the study of varations in pitch, speed, volume, and pauses to convey meaning.

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

Your physical appearance always contributes towards how people perceive you.

1. Downward

2. Upward

3. Lateral

4. Diagonal

5. External

What are the COMMUNICATION FLOWS in Non-Verbal Communication?

DOWNWARD FLOW OF COMMUNICATION

Communication that flows from a higher level in an organization to a lower level.

UPWARD FLOW OF COMMUNICATION

Communication that flows to a higher level in an organization is called __________. It provides feedback on how well the organization is functioning.

LATERAL / HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION

Communication that takes place at the same levels of hierarchy in an organization is called

DIAGONAL COMMUNICATION

Communica:on that takes place between a manager and employees of other workgroups is called

EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION

Communication that takes place between a manager and external groups such as suppliers, vendors, banks, financial institutes etc.

Research

Is defined as a human activity based on intellectual application in investigation of maLer.

Rechercher - to search or investigate throughly

The word research is derived from the French

Waltz and Bausell, 1981

Research is a systematic, formal, rigorous, and precise process employed to gain solutions to problems and/or to discover and interpret new facts and relationships

Payton, 1979

Research is the process of looking for a specific answer to a specific question in an organized, objective, and reliable way

Kerlinger, 1973

Research is the systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural phenomena

Selltiz, et al., 1979

Research is to search again, to take another more careful look, to find out more

Leedy, 1974

Research is a systematic quest for undiscovered truth

Tuckman, 1972

Research is a systematic attempt to provide answers to questions

Historical Research

Qualitative research

Descriptive Research

Correlational Research

Causal-comparative research

Experimental Research

Action Research

Applied Research

Basic Research

Clinical Trials

Epidemiological research

Evaluation research

Literature Review

TYPES OF RESEARCH

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

It is involved with the study of past events. It is the critical investigation of events, developments, and experiences of the past, the careful weighing of evidence of the validity of sources of information on the past and the interpretation of the weighed evidence.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

It is also referred to as ethnographic research, and is involved in the study of current events rather than past events.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

It involves collec:ng data in order to test hypotheses or answer ques:ons regarding the subjects of the study.

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

It attempts to determine whether and as to what degree, a relationship exists between two or more quantifiable (numerical) variables.

ACTION RESEARCH

It is a methodology that combines action and research to examine specific questions, issues, or phenomena through observation and reflection, and deliberate intervention to improve practice.

APPLIED RESEARCH

It is a research undertaken to solve practical problems rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledge's sake.

CLINICAL TRIALS

These are research studies undertaken to determine better ways to prevent, screen for, diagnose, or treat diseases.

EVALUATION RESEARCH

It is a research conducted to measure the effectiveness or performance of a program, concept, or campaign in achieving its objectives.

LITERATURE REVIEW

It is a critical examination, summarization, interpretation, or evaluation of existing literature in order to establish current knowledge on a subject.

Chapter 1. The Problem

Introduction

Statement of the Problem

Assumptions

Importance of the Study

Scope and Delimition of the Study

Locale of the Study

Theoretical Framework

Conceptual Framework

Definition of Terms

Notes

Chapter 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Foreign Literature

Local Literature

Foreign Studies

Local Studies

Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art

Gap Bridged

Notes

Chapter 3. METHODS AND PROCEDURES

Research Design

The Respondents

Sampling Procedure

Data Gathering Procedure

Data Gathering Instruments

Valida:on of Instruments

Scoring Responses

Sta:s:cal Tools

Notes

Chapter 5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

Conclusions

Recommendations

Chapter 4

Presentation, analysis and interpretation of data

The End Matters

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

CURRICULUM VITAE.

COMMUNICATION AIDS

Help people communicate more clearly with others.

Artefacts or props

Real-life objects brought into a presenta:on to demonstrate or show how something works

Charts

Visuals that organize and summarize large amounts of informa:on into simpler, easy-to-read formats.

Flip Chart

Is a large pad of paper on a stand used to record ideas or show points one page at a :me during a presenta:on.