URINE & BOWEL ELIMINATION

True or False: Enuresis is a voluntary action that occurs during the day in adults.

False

what is a common medication given for persistent enuresis in children over age 6?

imipramine

what side effects can imipramine have?

dry mouth & orthostatic hypotension

behavior problems, developmental delays, stress, & sexual abuse can be signs of what?

enuresis

what is encopresis?

involuntary loss of stool after normal time of control

what is hypospadias and who does it affect?

opening of urethra located on underside of penis in newborns

True or False: Do not circumcise newborns with hypospadias.

True

when is surgery done in newborns with hypospadias?

at 6-12 months

abnormal urinary stream, difficulty voiding standing, & ventral curvature are manifestations of what?

hypospadias

what two types of small bowel obstruction (SBO) are there?

mechanical & functional

adhesions/scar tissue, tumors, hernias are examples of what kind of SBO?

mechanical

paralytic ileus or absent peristalsis are examples of what kind of SBO?

functional

what is volvulus?

twisting of the intestine; causes SBO

large bowel obstructions are blockages such as (2):

constipation and obstipation

tumors, volvulus, incarcerated hernias, scarring, strictures, & polyps are what that require surgical intervention?

large bowel obstructions

what is intussusception?

folding of the bowels (pediatrics)

how does obstipation differ from constipation?

obstipation is the total inability to pass stool

N/V of stool, sharp, cramping, intermittent abdominal pain, & diarrhea are manifestation of what?

small bowel obstructions

obstipation, ab pain, rigidity, distention, sweating, restlessness, & tenderness are manifestations of what?

large bowel obstruction

what can a LBO lead to?

sepsis

abdominal x-ray in a bowel obstruction is done for what reason?

to check for any air

colonoscopy is possible with what type of bowel obstruction?

LBO

True or False: When treating a bowel obstruction, the patient will likely be NPO, have an NG tube, & need IV therapy.

True

what is are important electrolytes to check in a patient with a bowel obstruction?

potassium & sodium

by vomiting stool in bowel obstruction patients, the pt is at risk for what?

pneumonia with aspiration

bacteremia, sepsis, intestinal perforation, & intra-abdominal abscess are complications of what?

bowel obstructions

why would a bowel obstruction patient be at risk for metabolic alkalosis?

NG tube