PHARMACOLOGY: DRUG THERAPY FOR DISORDERS OF THE EYE
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36 Terms
What is the prostaglandin analogs prototype?
Bimatoprost
What is bimatoprost used for?
Open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
What is the action of bimatoprost?
Ocular hypotension
What are the adverse effects of bimatoprost?
Hyperpigmentation
What is the Beta-adrenergic blockers prototype?
Timolol maleate
What is the action of timolol maleate?
Blocks beta1 and beta2 to reduce intraocular pressure
What is timolol maleate used for?
Chronic open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
What are the adverse effects of timolol maleate?
Pain, systemic beta-adrenergic effects
What is the Alpha2-adrenergic agonists prototype?
Brimonidine
What is the action of brimonidine?
Reduces aqueous humor production
What is brimonidine used for?
Lowers intraocular pressure, open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension
What are the adverse effects of brimonidine?
CV effects- hypo or hypertension, Brady or tachycardia
What are the contraindications for brimonidine?
14 day washout for MAOI
What is the Cholinergic drugs prototype?
Pilocarpine
What is the action of pilocarpine?
Stimulates cholinergic receptors in the eye, loss of accommodation and lowers intraocular pressure
What is pilocarpine used for?
Chronic simple glaucoma, chronic and acute angle-closure glaucoma
What are the adverse effects of pilocarpine?
Burning, conjunctival vascular congestion
CNS- headache
Cardiopulmonary- hypertension, tachycardia, bronchial spasm
GI- nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and increased salivation
What is the Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors prototype?
Acetazolamide
What is the action of acetazolamide?
Inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the eye reducing the rate of aqueous humor formation and lowering intraocular pressure
What is acetazolamide used for?
Open-angle glaucoma and secondary glaucoma
What are the adverse effects of acetazolamide?
Steven's-Johnson syndrome, agranulocytosis, anemia, metabolic acidosis
What is the osmotic drugs prototype?
Mannitol
What is mannitol used for?
Temporarily reduces intraocular pressure in acute attacks of glaucoma; also used in reduction of intraocular pressure prior to surgery
What is the antibacterial drugs prototype?
Ciprofloxacin
What is ciprofloxacin used for?
Corneal ulcer and bacterial conjunctivitis
What is the antiviral drugs prototype?
Trifluridine
What is trifluridine used for?
Primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis
What is the H1-receptor antagonists prototype?
Emedastine difumarate
What is emedastine difumarate used for?
Ocular pruritus
What are the adverse effects of emedastine difumarate?
11% report headache
What is the corticosteroids prototype?
Dexamethasone
What is dexamethasone used for?
Decrease inflammation
What is the anti-inflammatory drugs prototype?
Diclofenac
What is diclofenac used for?
Reduces inflammation after cataract extraction; used with corneal refractive surgery
What is the immunosuppressants prototype?
Cyclosporine emuslion
What is cyclosporine emulsion used for?
Increase tear production