Review Exam 2: The University and the State

A comprehensive set of 75 vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes covering key historical developments in American higher education from 1945 to the 1970s.

The University and the State (1945)

A framework where universities serve national needs, focusing on science, research, and public service.

Government funding of research

Necessary and beneficial support that must not control academic freedom.

Academic freedom

The principle that academic research should be open and publicly shared, not controlled by the government.

Expansion of higher education

Important for democracy and ensuring equal opportunity.

James B. Conant

Chemist and President of Harvard University influential in post-war university expansion.

Thelin, Chapter 7 (1945-1970)

Discusses the rise of the research university and factors contributing to its growth.

Truman Commission

A report focused on expanding access to higher education in the post-war era.

Big Science

Refers to the large-scale scientific research funded by the government.

Federal Grants

Financial support provided by the government to universities for research.

Philanthropy

Donations that support educational institutions and research initiatives.

Bush Report (1945)

Presented ideas on science as vital for national defense and prosperity.

Medical Schools

Institutions for training healthcare professionals, saw growth post-war.

McCarthyism

Political period marked by the promotion of anti-communist culture and investigation of alleged communist ties.

James Meredith

First African American student to enroll at the University of Mississippi, signifying integration efforts.

Master Plan for Higher Education (Kerr)

A framework for California's higher education system focusing on accessibility and tiered education.

Standardized Testing

Adoption of standardized tests like the SAT for college admissions.

Student Activism

Efforts by students to promote social, political, and educational reforms.

GI Bill

Legislation that provided educational benefits to returning WWII veterans.

Quonset Huts

Temporary structures used for housing students and facilities during rapid enrollment growth.

Advanced Placement

Programs allowing high school students to earn college credit.

Racial Disparities

Socioeconomic inequalities exacerbated by educational policies.

Community Colleges

Two-year institutions aimed at broadening access to higher education.

Democratic right

The principle that education should be available to all qualified students.

Workforce Development

Strategies to prepare students for the labor market, focusing on skill acquisition.

Vannevar Bush

He advocated for linking science to national security and economic prosperity.

National Science Foundation (NSF)

An agency created to support scientific research and education.

National Institute of Health (NIH)

Agency responsible for biomedical research.

Department of Defense (DOD)

Government department that invests in research related to defense and security.

Cold War Academic Freedom

Navigating academic liberties amid anti-communist sentiments post-WWII.

Loyalty Oaths

Contracts requiring faculty to pledge loyalty to the U.S. government.

Corporate Influence

The growing partnership between universities and corporations for financial and research support.

Soft Money

Funding provided for research that is not guaranteed in future budgets.

Research Faculty

Academic staff primarily focused on conducting research rather than teaching.

Sabbaticals

Paid leave for faculty members to focus on research.

California Master Plan

A strategy outlining the roles and operations of different types of colleges in California.

TUITION-FREE principle

Policy allowing California residents to attend public colleges without tuition until 1970.

Free Speech Movement

A student-led movement in the 1960s advocating for free speech rights on campuses.

Affirmative Action (1965)

Policies aimed at increasing the representation of historically marginalized groups.

Kent State Incident

The killing of four students by the National Guard during Vietnam War protests.

Student Unions

Organizations that serve as platforms for student activity and engagement.

Kent State

University that became synonymous with student protests and government violence.

The Powell Memo (1971)

A document advocating for the protection of free enterprise and corporate interests in higher education.

Think Tanks

Research institutions that influence public policy and industry through research.

Cognitive Apprenticeships

Learning approach where students gain knowledge through hands-on experience alongside mentors.

Micro Colleges

Small educational institutions that focus on intimate, project-based learning.

Trans-advisors

Mentors who help students integrate knowledge from multiple disciplines.

Polymath University

An education model where students major in multiple, diverse fields.

Institute for Advanced Play

Concept of a collaborative learning environment emphasizing curiosity and exploration.

Humanities Think Tank

A group of scholars working together to tackle real-world issues through a humanities lens.

Student Managed Learning Community

A collaborative environment where students take charge of their educational experience.

Integration of Law and Medical Schools

Efforts to increase diversity among professional schools.

Eugenicist Influence

The impact of eugenics on educational policies, particularly in testing.

Unbundling Education

The idea that teaching, research, and credentialing can occur independently from each other.

Labor Rights Activism

Campaigns to improve working conditions and rights for students and workers.

Racial Segregation

Systematic separation of different racial groups in educational institutions.

Crisis of Rising Costs

Challenges posed by the increasing expenses associated with obtaining higher education.