Fertilization

True or False: Semen deposition is the same in every species.

FALSE

Dogs, cats, and humans deposit semen in the ____

vagina

Where does fertilization occur?

Isthmus

Can sperm fertilize during the rapid transport phase?

NO

How quickly does sperm reach fertilization site?

5 mins

In what phase of transport is sperm motility and uterine contractions importnt?

Sustained transport phase

Sperm in the ______ phase can fertilize

sustained transport phase

What are some barriers to fertilization?

• vagina

• cervix

• oviduct

• fertilization

What are some vaginal barriers?

• retrograde transport out of vagina

• Acidic pH

• Phagocytosis by leukocytes

What recruits neutrophils to the vagina?

high estradiol

True or False: Sperm is divided into fraction

TRUE

What is the purpose of the post-sperm fraction in some species?

block thge vaginal canal to prevetn retrograde loss

Seminal fluid is acidci/basic

basic

What are some cervical barriers?

cervical mucus and crypts

Sialomucin

low viscosity cerivcal fluid produced in the basal area of the basal area

Sulfomucin

high viscosity cervical fluid that is produced in the apical portions of the cervix

Capacitation

sperm residing in the reproductive tract for the miniuma mount of time to obtain fertilization

What are the functions of capacitation?

• removal of surface molecules on sperm head

• increases motility of sperm tail

What enzymes does the acrosome release to chew through the cumulus oocyte complex?

• hyaluronidase

• proteolytic enzymes

What is the function of ZP1 and ZP2 in the zona pellucida?

structural integrity of the zona

What is the function of ZP3 in the zona pellucida?

bnds protein on spermatozoal plasma membrane

How long does the zona pellucida remain intact?

until blastocyst stage

How does the egg pervent polyspermy?

transporting cortical granules to the egg peripohery after fertilization

WHat protects sperm nucleus?

disulfide crosslinks

What breask down the disulfide crosslinks in the sperm nucleus?

Glutathione from oocyte

Transcervical

bypass cervix to deposit sperm into uterus

Intracervical

semen into cranial half of cervix

Intravaginal

semen into cranial vagina