#7 water, osmosis, electrolytes

What percent of the human body is water?

60%

Main idea of water balance  

Water must stay balanced inside and outside cells for homeostasis.

Definition of osmosis

Movement of water toward higher solute concentration.

Memory tek for osmosis

Water chases salt.

Why osmosis matters 

Controls cell size, hydration, and fluid balance.

Functions of water (TRASH) 

Transport, Regulate temperature, Act as solvent, Shock absorber, Hydrolysis.

Ways water enters the body 

Drinking, food, metabolic water.

Ways water leaves the body (PSSF)  

Pee, sweat, skin evaporation, feces.

Intracellular fluid (ICF)  

Fluid inside cells, 2/3 of body water, high in potassium.

Extracellular fluid (ECF)  

Fluid outside cells, includes plasma and interstitial fluid, high in sodium.

Memory tek for electrolytes inside vs outside  

Bananas inside, salt outside.

Definition of electrolyte  

Charged mineral that affects water balance, nerves, muscles, and pH.

Examples of electrolytes  

Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, phosphate.

Sodium function  

Controls water balance and blood pressure.

Potassium function  

Controls heart rhythm and muscle contraction.

Chloride function  

Balances sodium and helps stomach acid.

Calcium function  

Bone strength, muscle contraction, blood clotting.

Magnesium function  

Muscle relaxation and nerve function.

Phosphate function  

ATP energy, DNA, bones.

Hypernatremia definition  

High sodium.

Hypernatremia causes  

Dehydration, too much salt, diabetes insipidus.

Hypernatremia treatment  

Water, IV fluids.

Hyponatremia definition  

Low sodium.

Hyponatremia causes  

Too much water, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating.

Hyponatremia treatment  

Salt, IV saline.

Hyperkalemia definition  

High potassium.

Hyperkalemia causes  

Kidney failure, cell damage.

Hyperkalemia danger  

Deadly heart arrhythmias.

Hypokalemia definition  

Low potassium.

Hypokalemia causes  

Vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics.

Hypokalemia symptoms  

Muscle weakness, arrhythmias.

Why sodium affects blood pressure  

Salt pulls water into bloodstream, increasing blood volume and pressure.

Memory tek for sodium and BP  

Salt sucks water, water raises pressure.