Henry VII AQA- Alevel

When was the Battle of Bosworth?

22nd August 1485

When was Henry's coronation?

30th October 1485

When did Henry first call parliament?

7th Nov 1485

Why did Henry have his coronation before calling parliament?

To show he was the rightful king

What did Henry do in his first parliament?

Acts of Attainder
Granted tonnage and poundage for life
Act of Resumption

What are acts of attainder?

Controlling the nobility- Yorkists had to forfeit land to the crown

What was tonnage and poundage?

The right to raise revenue on imports/exports

What was the Act of Resumption?

It returned to the Crown all lands which had been given away since 1455

How did Henry consolidate his power in the early stages?

Controlled the nobility (acts of attainder)
Rewarded supporters (granted 11 dukedoms)
Consolidated the succession (Married Elizabeth of York)

How did Henry reward supporters?

Knighted 11 supporters on the b.o.b
Patronage- gave land to supporters

Name two examples of Henry rewarding his supporters

Jasper Tudor made Duke of Bedford
Earl of Oxford became a major landowner in East Anglia

How did Henry use bonds and recognisances?

A form of debt owed to the king, used to strengthen royal authority and to curb power and nobility

How effective were Henry's use of bonds and recognisances?

Revenue stipulated 400-10,000 Marques of Dorset signed bond of 10,000 for alleged participation in Simple plot 1491

What were the sources of royal income?

Crown lands, profits from feudal dues, customs revenue

How did Henry control the nobility?

Acts of attainder, removed dukedoms , feudal dues

What feudal dues did Henry implement?

Wardships- King took control of estates held by minors and took the profit
Marriage- King controlled who got married to stop power blocs forming
Relief- inheritance tax

What are crown lands?

Henry's owned lands that belonged to him/the crown. They brought in revenue and allowed him to keep better control of certain areas. By the end of his reign he earned up to £42,000 per year.

What is extraordinary revenue?

Money raised by the king from additional sources as one-off payments when he faced an emergency

How much did Henry make from extraordinary revenue?

£400,000 extraordinary taxation

When was the council learned in law established?
What was it?

1495
To maintain the king's revenue and to exploit his perogative rights

Who led the council learned?

Until 1504- Sir Reginald Bray
Post 1504- Empson/Dudley

What was the council learned's reputation post 1504?

Most detested instituiton:
Exploitative, False claims of owed feudal dues created enemies e.g Lovell

What did Henry do during his 2nd call of parliament?

Retaining Law- Stopped the nobility from forming small armies
Star Chamber- Tried people that were too powerful to be brought before common courts

When was the Star Chamber established?

1487

Who sat on the star chamber?

King's favourites from the Council

Who were JPs and what did they do?

Maintained law and order in the countryside

When was the treaty of perpetual peace?

1502

What was agreed at the treaty of perpetual peace?

Marriage alliance- James IV and Mary

what was poynings law?

that no law could be passed in irish parliament without approval from the english crown

When was the treat of Redon?

1489

What where the terms of the treaty of Redon (1489)

Duchess Anne to pay English army to defend britanny

Was the treaty of Redon (1489) successful?

No she married maxamillian out of fear

When was the treaty of Medina del Campo?

1489

Who was involved in the treaty of Medina del Campo (1489)?

England and Spain

What were the terms of Medina del campo (1489)?

Mutual protection
No harbouring supporters/rebels
Marriage for CofA and Arthur

When was the Warbeck threat?

1491-99

Who did Warbeck claim to be?

Richard, Duke of York (one of the princes in the tower)

Why was Warbeck a threat?

He had foreign support
Margaret of B and James IV Scotland
Longevity of the threat 8 years
No one knew where the prince was

When was the Lovell rebellion?

April 1486

Who led the Lovell Rebellion?

Viscount Lovell, Thomas and Humphrey Stafford

Why did the rebels of the Lovell rebellion accept the ultimatum?

Fed up with fighting

When was the Simnel rebellion?

1487

What happened in the simnel rebellion?

Lambert Simnel tried to impersonate the Earl of Warwick. He was crowned King Edward in Ireland in May 1487.

What did Henry do in response to the simnel rebellion?

Present the Earl of Warwick from the Tower of London

Who helped the Simnel Rebellion?

John de la Pole

When was the battle of stoke field?

1487

What was the battle of stoke field?

The Battle of Stoke Field was an attempt to unseat King Henry VII in favour of a 10 year old boy called Lambert Simnel who was an imposter pretending to be Edward, Earl of Warwick, the son of Edward IV's brother.

How many men fought on henry's side of the b.o.s.f?

12,000

How many men fought on john de la pole's side of the b.o.s.f?

8,000

What was society like during Henry VII's reign?

There was a hierarchical system - the poor stayed poor and the rich stayed rich whilst the King ruled them all

What changed in society?

- There was growth of professional and mercantile bourgeoise became increasingly important in London and major cities like Norwich and Bristol- Economic pressures e.g. the Black Death had increased social mobility

What stayed the same in society?

- Feudal system and a hierarchical system was still employed- The nobility still dominated landownership

What percentage of the population lived off the land?

95%

What was the greatest income for England?

Cloth Industry

What was enclosure?

The fencing off of land from open fields with the ending of all common rights over it.

What sections was society divided into?

The king, nobility, gentry, churchmen, commoners

Who were the nobility?

Major landowners; often lords, dukes and earls
There was no more than about 50 or 60 men

Who were the gentry?

Wealthy landowners, merchants, ministers, royalty and successful lawyers

Who were the churchmen?

A hugely important role in society but also a great landowner e.g. John Morton and Richard Fox