Exam 3 Anatomical Kinesiology

CSP

Coxofemoral joint, Sacroiliac joint, Pubic symphysis

What are the 3 major joints of the hip region?

Coxofemoral joint, sacroiliac joint, pubic symphysis

What is the mnemonic for the 3 hip joints?

CSP

What is the primary function of the 3 hip joints working together?

Provide stability and mobility of the pelvis

What is the primary role of the coxofemoral joint?

Main movement joint of the hip

What is the primary role of the sacroiliac joint?

Stability and weight transfer

What is the primary role of the pubic symphysis?

Shock absorption and support

What is the coxofemoral joint?

Articulation between femoral head and acetabulum

What bones form the acetabulum?

Ilium, ischium, and pubis

What is the acetabulum?

Cuplike socket of the pelvis that articulates with the femoral head

What is the acetabular labrum?

Fibrocartilaginous lip that deepens the acetabulum

What percentage of the femoral head articulates with the acetabulum?

About 2/3 (~70%)

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Deep ball

What is the key structural idea of the hip joint?

Designed for both stability and mobility

How does the labrum contribute to the hip joint?

Increases depth and stability of the acetabulum

What is the iliofemoral ligament?

Y

What movements does the iliofemoral ligament resist?

Extension, internal rotation, and some external rotation

What is the pubofemoral ligament?

Ligament that resists abduction and some external rotation

What is the ischiofemoral ligament?

Ligament that resists extension and internal rotation

Which hip movement is least restricted by ligaments?

Flexion

What is the strongest ligament in the body?

Iliofemoral ligament

What happens to hip ligaments in extension?

They tighten and support standing posture

What is the femoral neck?

Structure connecting femoral head to shaft

What is the function of the femoral neck?

Positions femoral head away from pelvis for mobility

What is the angle of inclination?

Angle between femoral neck and shaft in frontal plane (90–135°)

Why is the femoral neck angle important?

Affects lower limb alignment and biomechanics

What is the key idea of the femoral neck?

Influences gait and alignment

What is femoral anteversion?

Anterior rotation of femoral neck relative to femur

What is normal femoral anteversion?

About 12–14 degrees

What happens in excessive anteversion?

Femoral head uncovered; internal rotation compensates

What is femoral retroversion?

Posterior rotation of femoral neck

How does anteversion affect gait?

Toes point inward

How does retroversion affect gait?

Toes point outward

What is the key idea of femoral version?

Affects gait and limb positioning

What are multiarticular muscles?

Muscles that cross more than one joint

What are advantages of multiarticular muscles?

Reduce contraction velocity, transfer energy, reduce workload

Why are multiarticular muscles injury

prone?

Give an example of a multiarticular muscle in the hip region

Hamstrings

What are the primary hip flexors?

Iliacus and psoas major (iliopsoas)

What additional muscles assist hip flexion?

Rectus femoris and sartorius

What is the key idea of hip flexors?

Bring thigh toward torso

Which muscle is the primary hip flexor?

Iliopsoas

What muscles perform hip extension?

Gluteus maximus and hamstrings

What muscles make up the hamstrings?

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

What additional function do hamstrings have?

Knee flexion

What is the primary hip extensor?

Gluteus maximus

What is the key idea of hip extension?

Moves thigh backward

What muscles perform hip adduction?

Adductor muscle group

Which adductor can assist in flexion and extension?

Adductor magnus

What is the key idea of hip adduction?

Brings leg toward midline

What muscles perform hip abduction?

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae

What is the function of hip abductors during walking?

Stabilize pelvis and prevent pelvic drop

What muscles perform hip internal rotation?

Gracilis, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

What muscles perform hip external rotation?

Gluteus maximus and deep lateral rotators (piriformis, obturators, gemelli, quadratus femoris)

What is the key idea of hip external rotation?

Turns femur outward and stabilizes laterally

Got it — here is the same Quizlet format with NO gaps between lines, ready to copy/paste:

Axial skeleton components

Skull (22 bones), vertebral column (24 fused, 1 unfused), thorax (25 bones)

What is the axial skeleton?

The central axis of the body

What is the key idea of the axial skeleton?

Supports and protects vital organs (brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs)

What does the skull protect?

Brain

What does the vertebral column protect?

Spinal cord

What does the thorax protect?

Heart and lungs

Mnemonic for axial skeleton

Skull, Spine, Chest = Axis of Life

Skull components

Cranium (8 bones), face (14 bones), ear ossicles (6 bones), hyoid (1 bone)

How many bones are in the cranium?

8

How many facial bones are there?

14

How many mandibles are there?

1

How many vomer bones are there?

1

What is the key idea of the skull?

Skull = cranium + facial bones + associated structures

What bone is the only movable skull bone?

Mandible

What is special about the hyoid bone?

Does not articulate with any other bone

Mnemonic for facial bones

Zany Zebras Like Making Incredibly Very Nice Nachos

Cranial bones

Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Frontal (1), Occipital (1), Sphenoid (1), Ethmoid (1)

What is the key idea of cranial bones?

Form protective vault around the brain

What bone is at the back of the skull?

Occipital

What bone is the forehead?

Frontal

What bones are at the sides of the skull?

Temporal

Mnemonic for cranial bones

People Think Fred Often Says Excuses

Facial bones

Nasal (2), Lacrimal (2), Zygomatic (2), Inferior nasal conchae (2), Maxillae (2), Vomer (1), Mandible (1)

What is the key idea of facial bones?

Form structure of the face and support teeth

What is the upper jaw?

Maxilla

What is the lower jaw?

Mandible

What are cheekbones?

Zygomatic bones

Vertebral column total vertebrae

33

How many cervical vertebrae?

7

How many thoracic vertebrae?

12

How many lumbar vertebrae?

5

How many sacral vertebrae are fused?

5 fused (1 sacrum)

How many coccygeal vertebrae are fused?

4 fused (1 coccyx)

What is the key idea of the vertebral column?

Supports body weight and protects spinal cord

Mnemonic for vertebral column

7

What is a typical vertebra body?

Thick, disc

What is the vertebral foramen?

Opening that forms vertebral canal

What is the spinous process?

Posterior projection

What are transverse processes?

Lateral projections

What are intervertebral foramina?

Openings for spinal nerves to exit

What are intervertebral discs?

Cushions between vertebrae

What is the key idea of vertebrae?

Protect spinal cord and allow movement

What forms the spinal canal?

Vertebral foramina of all vertebrae