Project Managing in Computing Week 10 (finals)

People

most important asset, they determine the success and failure of organizations and projects

Project human resource management

makes the most effective use of people involved with project

project stakeholders

people supporting the project such as sponsors, customers, team members, staff, suppliers etc.

4 human resource management processes

1. developing human resource plan: identifying and documenting roles, responsibilities and reporting relationships

2. acquiring project team: getting the personnel assigned to and working on project

3. developing project team: building individual and group skills to enhance performance

4. managing the project team: tracking performance, motivating members, providing feedback, resolving issues, and coordinating changes to enhance performance.

important areas related to project management include

1. key to managing people

2. motivation theories

3. influence and power

4. effectiveness

two types of motivation

intrinsic motivation: causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment

extrinsic motivation: causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty

Maslow’s hierarchy

people are masters of their destiny; behavior is motivated by a sequence of needs.

bottom to top: physiological > safety > social > esteem > self-actualization

Herzberg’s theory about motivators vs hygiene factors

Motivators: factors that cause job SATISFACTIONS

Hygiene factors: factors that cause job DISSATISFACTION if absent, but they do not motivate more work

McGregor’s XYZ theory

Theory X: assumes workers dislike and avoid work so managers must use coercion, threats and control schemes to get workers to meet objectives

Theory Y: assumes individuals consider work as natural as play or rest and enjoy satisfaction of esteem and self-actualization needs

Theory Z: introduced in 1981 by William Ouchi, based on Japanese approach to motivating workers, emphasizing trust, quality, collective decision making and cultural values

Thamhain and Wilemon’s Influence and power

1. Authority (will fail if rely on too much)

2. Assignment

3. Budget

4. Promotion

5. Money (will fail if rely on too much)

6. Penalty (will fail if rely on too much)

7. Work challenge (most influencial)

8. Expertise (most influencial)

9. Friendship

Power & its types

potential ability to influence behavior to get people to do things they would not otherwise do

1. Coercive

2. Legit

3. Expert

4. Reward

5. Referent

Covey’s 7 habits of improving effectiveness on projects

1. be proactive

2. begin with end in mind

3. put first things first

4. think win & win

5. seek first to understand, then be understood

6. synergize

7. sharpen the saw

good project managers are _______

empathetic listeners; they listen with intent to understand before you communicate with others, you have to have rapport, harmony, conformity, accord and affinity

mirroring

matching of certain behaviors of other person, technique to help establish rapport, mostly used by IT professionals.

how to develop a human resource plan

1. project organizational charts

2. staffing management plan

3. responsibility assignment matrixes

4. resource histograms

responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)

matrix that maps work of project as described in WBS to people responsible for performing the work described in OBS

Staffing management plan

describes when and how people will be added to and taken off the project team

Resource histogram, loading & leveling

resource histogram: column chart that shows number of resources assigned to project overtime

resource loading: refers to amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods

resource leveling: technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks, main purpose is to create smoother distribution of resource usage and reduce overallocation

Overallocation

means more resources are available then what was assigned for the work at the time

benefits of resource leveling

1. when resources are used constantly, requires less management

2. enables project managers to use a just-in-time inventory type of policy for using subcontractors or other expensive resources

3. results in fewer problems for project personnel and accounting department

4. improves morale

main goal of team development

help people work together more effectively to improve project performance

Tuckman’s model of team development

1. Forming

2. Storming

3. Norming

4. Performing

5. Adjourning

training & team building activities

helps people understand themselves, each other, and how to work better in teams

activities include: physical challenges & psychological preference indicator tools

four dimensions of the DISC profile model

1. Dominance

2. Influence

3. Steadiness

4. Compliance

Team-based Reward and recognition systems

1. promotes teamwork

2. rewards teams for achieving specific goals

3. allows time for team members to mentor and help each other to meet project goals and develop HR

how to manage a project team

1. lead your team in performing various project activities

2. decide if changes should be requested to project

3. if corrective or preventive actions should be recommended

4. if updates are needed to project management plan or organizational process assets

tools and techniques for managing project teams

1. Observation and conversation

2. Project performance appraisals

3. Conflict management

4. Issue logs

5. Interpersonal skills

Blake & Mouton modes/techniques for handling conflict

1. Confrontation

2. Compromise

3. smoothing

4. forcing

5. withdrawal

6. collaborating

Five dysfunctions of team

1. Absence of trust

2. fear of conflict

3. Lack of commitment

4. Avoidance of accountability

5. Inattention to results

Project management software includes several HR features such as _____

1. Assigning resources

2. identifying potential resource shortages or underutilization

3. leveling resources

Project managers must do these 4 things

1. Treat people with consideration and respect

2. Understand what motivates team members

3. Communicate carefully with members

4. Focus on your goal to enable team members to deliver best work