Pathology of the Uterus and Related Structures

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions related to the pathology of the uterus and associated structures, helpful for understanding the content and preparing for the exam.

Imperforate hymen

Most common congenital abnormality of the female genital tract resulting in obstruction.

Hydrometra

Fluid accumulation in the uterus due to obstruction.

Adenocarcinoma

A type of tumor usually found in the vagina, sometimes seen as an adenocarcinoma or rhabdomyosarcoma.

Translabial scanning

Technique used for imaging the vagina and pelvic structures.

Vaginal cuff

Area seen in hysterectomy patients, with normal upper size limit of 2.1 cm.

Cul-de-sac

Space between the rectum and vagina, also known as the rectouterine recess, where fluid collections can occur.

Cervical polyps

Benign growths arising from hyperplastic protrusions of the endocervical or ectocervical epithelium.

Myoma

Smooth muscle tumors of the uterus; can be asymptomatic or cause obstruction.

Sonohysterography (SIS)

Procedure that distends the endometrial cavity with saline to evaluate thickened endometrium.

Endometrial carcinoma

Most common gynecologic malignancy in North America, often presenting with postmenopausal bleeding.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A condition often associated with endometritis, involving infection of reproductive organs.

Leiomyoma

Common benign tumors in the uterus, often causing heavy menstrual bleeding.

Endometrial hyperplasia

Thickening of the endometrium due to prolonged estrogen stimulation, may lead to cancer.

Synechiae (Asherman's syndrome)

Intrauterine adhesions that can result from trauma or surgery, potentially causing infertility.

Tubo-ovarian abscess

A complex multiloculated mass resulting from the progression of endometritis.

Endometritis

Inflammation or infection of the endometrium, often due to PID or postpartum complications.