Reproductive

Reproductive cells in either females or males are called ________.

A.somatic cells

B.spermatids

C.gametes

D.zygotes

E.None of the answers are correct.

C

The reproductive system is responsible for __________.

A.initiating nervous impulses that direct sexual responses

B.secreting the follicle-stimulating hormone needed for sex cell maturation

C.achieving and maintaining sexual maturation in adults

D.performing all of the listed functions

C

Males and females differ in the organizations of their respective reproductive systems in that __________.

A.males require accessory glands to produce the elements needed to nourish and protect sperm, but females do not have accessory glands

B.males have external genitalia, and females do not

C.males have ducts to transport gametes, but females do not

D.male gonads are located below the urogenital diaphragm, whereas female gonads are located above that muscle band

D

Contraction of the cremaster muscle ________.

A.moves sperm through the ductus deferens

B.propels sperm through the urethra

C.moves the testis closer to the body cavity

D.produces an erection

E.None of the answers are correct.

C

The function of the dartos and cremaster muscles is to ________.

A.move sperm along the ductus deferens

B.help the testes descend into the scrotum prior to birth

C.produce erections

D.attach the penis to the body wall

E.regulate the temperature of the testes

E

What happens to sperm when exposed to conditions inside the female reproductive tract?

A.The gametes are replicated.

B.They undergo capacitation.

C.The gametes are destroyed after a few hours, as they are no longer capable of fertilization.

D.The gametes are stored to optimize at a later time for fertilization.

E.The gametes are nourished.

B

The ________ of a sperm contains the enzymes essential for fertilization.

A.middle piece

B.acrosome

C.neck

D.flagellum

E.None of the answers are correct.

B

The division of each primary spermatocyte produces ________.

A.nurse cells

B.a pair of secondary spermatocytes

C.one or two polar cells

D.a pair of haploids

E.None of the answers are correct.

B

Each ampulla of the ductus deferens joins with an excretory duct of the seminal gland, marking the start of the ________.

A.urethra

B.ureter

C.epididymis

D.ejaculatory duct

E.None of the answers are correct.

D

A major function of the testis is to ________.

A.produce spermatozoa

B.propel spermatozoa and fluids along the reproductive tract

C.activate spermatozoa

D.provide nutrients that spermatozoa need for motility

E.None of the answers are correct.

A

The fold of skin that covers the glans penis is the ________.

A.corpus cavernosum

B.corpus spongiosum

C.prepuce

D.penile urethra

E.ejaculatory duct

C

The interstitial endocrine cells in the testes ________.

A. fructose to glucose to nourish the sperm

B.protect the developing sperm cells

C.undergo mitosis to produce primary spermatocytes

D.secrete testosterone

E.form the lining of the seminiferous tubules

D

The seminiferous tubules ________.

A.occur in the testicular septa

B.are the sites of the production of androgens for the testis

C.are the site of production of spermatozoa

D.All of the answers are correct.

E.average 200 inches in length

C

The cells of the testes that produce testosterone are the ________.

A.basal cells

B.spermatogonial cells

C.interstitial endocrine cells

D.nurse cells

E.None of the answers are correct

C

The importance of the pampiniform plexus in the scrotum is to ________.

A.innervate the testis

B.support the testis

C.help cool the blood to permit spermatogenesis at a temperature cooler than in the abdominal cavity

D.allow the testis to raise and lower without pinching surrounding blood vessels

E. of the answers are correct.

C

The stages that occur during spermatogenesis are

a:

Spermatid

b:	Primary spermatocyte

c:	Spermatogonium

d:

Sperm

e:	Secondary spermatocyte

What is the correct order of occurrence of these stages?

A.d, b, c, e, a

B.c, e, d, a, b

C.b, e, c, d, a

D.c, b, e, a, d

E.a, c, b, e, d

D

Stem cells in the testes are the ________.

A.primary spermatocytes

B.spermatozoa

C.spermatogonia

D.haploids

E.spermatids

C

Gametes are called haploid because ________.

A.there are half as many of them produced at each division in comparison with diploid cells

B.they contain only one member of each pair of chromosomes

C.they are produced by the process of mitosis

D.they are either sperm or ova

E.All of the answers are correct.

B

Spermatogenesis ends with the production of ________ spermatids.

A.16

B.8

C.2

D.4

E.6

D

Which of the following is a function of spermatogonia?

A.secretion of inhibin

B.sperm production

C.secretion of androgen binding protein (ABP)

D.support of spermiogenesis

E.support of spermatogenesis

B

Which of the following is a function of the ductus deferens?

A.Monitor the composition of the fluid contained in it.

B.Recycle damaged spermatozoa.

C.Transport sperm to the prostatic urethra.

D.Store spermatozoa and facilitate their functional maturation.

E.Adjust the composition of the fluid contained in it.

C

Which of the following provides an antibiotic called seminalplasmin?

A.seminal glands

B.bulbo-urethral glands

C.seminiferous tubules

D.prostate gland

E.epididymis

D

Which of the following is a function of the seminal fluid?

A.produce testosterone

B.provide the nutrients needed for sperm motility

C.buffer the urethra and vagina

D.produce sperm

E.None of the answers are correct.

B

Sperm are initially produced in the __________.

A.seminiferous tubules

B.epididymis

C.efferent ductule

D.rete testis

A

The purpose of the __________ epithelium of the epididymis is to __________.

A.pseudostratified columnar, allow absorption and secretion into the tubular fluid

B.transitional, allow expansion to accommodate large sperm volumes

C.simple cuboidal, allow secretion and absorption into the tubular fluid

D.stratified squamous, prevent friction between immature sperm cells

A

In what ways does meiosis I differ from meiosis II during spermatogenesis?

A.Meiosis I produces primary spermatocytes, whereas meiosis II produces spermatids.

B.The cells produced in meiosis II are diploid, whereas those in meiosis I are haploid.

C.Meiosis I produces two cells, whereas meiosis II produces four cells.

D.All of the answer choices describe ways that meiosis I differs from meiosis II in spermatogenesis.

C

The thick, sticky alkaline mucous that is used to neutralize urinary acids is produced by the __________.

A.seminal vesicles

B.prostate gland

C.bulbo-urethral glands

D.testes

C

Which of the following occurs during the process of emission?

A.Peristaltic contractions occur along the vas deferens and accessory glands.

B.The penis begins to stiffen.

C.Semen exits the male body.

D.The penis becomes limp.

A

Which of the following correctly describes the spermatic cord?

A.The spermatic cord contains lymphatics that drain the scrotum.

B.The spermatic cord contains the scrotal artery.

C.The pampiniform plexus lies within the cord.

D.The dartos muscle surrounds the blood vessels within the cord.

C

At the end of spermiogenesis, what is formed?

A.a functional spermatogonium

B.a zygote

C.a functional spermatozoon

D.a functional spermatid

C

Seminal fluid __________.

A.is produced by the prostate, bulbo-urethral glands, and seminal glands

B.comes from the interstitial cells in the testes

C.contains sperm

D.accounts for approximately 5 percent of the contents of semen

A

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which sperm would pass on the way out of the body?

A.testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, membranous urethra, and prostatic urethra

B.ductus deferens, membranous urethra, ejaculatory duct, and penile urethra

C.testes, seminal vesicles, ductus deferens, and prostatic urethra

D.epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and penile urethra

D

The ductus or vas deferens __________.

A.enlarges distally to form the ampulla

B.passes under the urinary bladder

C.extends to the penis

D.stores sperm prior to ejaculation

A

The muscular layer of the uterus is (the) ________.

A.perimetrium

B.myometrium

C.mesovarium

D.endometrium

E.None of the answers are correct.

B

The female gonads are the ________.

A.straight tubules

B.uterus

C.epididymis

D.testis

E.ovaries

E

The thickened, cord-like connection of the uterus to the anterior pelvic wall is the ________.

A.broad ligament

B.cardinal ligament

C.uterosacral ligament

D.round ligament

E.suspensory ligament

D

The lateral surface of the ovary is connected to the pelvic wall by (the) ________.

A.suspensory ligament

B.cardinal ligament

C.mesentery

D.mesovarium

E.None of the answers are correct.

A

The epithelium of the ________ has both ciliated and non-ciliated simple columnar cells.

A.cervix

B.ovary

C.uterine tube

D.vagina

C

Which is correct regarding chromosome numbers during oogenesis?

A.Primary oocytes are diploid, secondary oocytes are haploid.

B.Both primary oocytes and secondary oocytes are haploid.

C.Primary oocytes are haploid, secondary oocytes are diploid.

D.Primary oocytes are haploid, secondary oocytes may be haploid or diploid depending on their meiotic stage.

E.Both primary oocytes and secondary oocytes are diploid

A

The grouping of cells surrounding the ovulated oocyte is called the ________.

A.corpus albicans

B.antrum

C.corona radiata

D.corpus luteum

E.zona pellucida

C

Ovulation occurs when an oocyte is released from a ruptured ________ follicle.

A.polar

B.primary

C.tertiary

D.secondary

E.primordial

C

The principal hormone of the secretory phase is ________.

A.estrogen

B.progesterone

C.LH

D.FSH

B

The phase of the uterine cycle from ovulation until the corpus luteum breaks down is the ________.

A.follicular phase

B.proliferative phase

C.secretory phase

C

The corpus luteum secretes ________.

A.FSH

B.estrogen

C.relaxin

D.LH

E.progestins

E

Each primary oocyte within an egg nest in the ovary is surrounded by a simple squamous layer of follicular cells. The oocyte and its follicle cells are called a ________.

A.corona radiata

B.primordial ovarian follicle

C.primary follicle

D.secondary follicle

E.corpus luteum

B

A ________ is formed by the combination of a primary oocyte and several surrounding layers of follicular cells and the presence of small amounts of follicular fluid.

A.secondary ovarian follicle

B.thecal cells

C.granulosa cell

D.polar cell

A

The secondary oocyte is released from the ovary at ________.

A.the onset of menstruation

B.ovulation

C.the end of the secretory phase

B

For an ovum to be fertilized, it must encounter a spermatozoon in the ampulla of the uterine tube within ________ of the oocyte's passage.

A.9 days

B.7 days

C.3-5 hours

D.8-12 hours

E.12-24 hours

E

The main organs of the female reproductive system include all of the following

except

the ________.

A.ovary

B.uterus

C.urinary bladder

D.vagina

E.mammary glands

C

The average length of the uterine cycle is ________.

A.14 days

B.40 days

C.20 days

D.28 days

E.35 days

D

In the correct order, the steps involved in oogenesis are:

(1)	formation of a tertiary follicle

(2)

ovulation

(3)	formation and degeneration of the corpus luteum

(4)	formation of primary follicles

(5)	formation of secondary follicles

A.2, 5, 4, 1, 3

B.3, 5, 1, 4, 2

C.4, 5, 1, 2, 3

D.5, 4, 3, 2, 1

E.1, 2, 3, 4, 5

C

During the ovarian cycle, ________.

usually only one mature ovarian follicle forms

A.each of the primary oocytes develops into two secondary oocytes

B.primary oocytes are suspended in metaphase until maturation occurs

C.all secondary follicles form tertiary follicles

D.All of the answers are correct.

A

In the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, the ovary is ________.

A.forming the corpus luteum

B.undergoing atresia

C.developing a mature follicle

D.secreting progesterone

E.All of the answers are correct.

C

Milk production in the mammary glands ________.

A.begins to occur at the start of each monthly cycle, but only continues if pregnancy occurs

B.occurs by the process of meiosis

C.is stimulated by a combination of hormones including prolactin, growth hormone, and human placental lactogen

D.is initiated during the birth process

E.None of the answers are correct.

C

How are the ovaries and the uterus similar?

A.Both are used to produce a usable ovum.

B.They are both held in place by membranous ligaments.

C.Both contain thick, muscular walls.

D.They both serve as passageways for the birth of the infant.

B

Which layer of the uterus is lost each month in the menses?

A.myometrium

B.perimetrium

C.functional layer of the endometrium

D.basilar layer of the endometrium

C

The mitosis divisions that produce the total number of oocytes that a female will have occur __________.

A.once each month before the next ovarian cycle begins

B.at puberty

C.in early childhood

D.before birth

D

Which hormone is at the highest levels during the secretory phase and seems to be responsible for the final preparation of the uterus for accepting a fertilized egg?

A.estradiol

B.relaxin

C.progesterone

D.estrogen

C

Which hormone is released in response to stimulation of the nipple during nursing to cause the release of milk?

A.human placental lactogen

B.relaxin

C.human chorionic gonadotropin

D.oxytocin

D

The regions of the uterus are the __________.

A.body, cervix, and vagina

B.infundibulum, body, and ampulla

C.fundus, body, and cervix

D.uterine tube, fundus, and body

C

Fertilization typically occurs in the __________.

A.ampulla of the uterine tube

B.cervix of the uterus

C.fundus of the uterus

D.infundibulum

A

Blood supply to the uterus __________.

A.is only by way of the uterine arteries

B.decreases during pregnancy

C.arises from the fallopian artery

D.comes from the uterine and ovarian arteries

D

The majority of the uterine wall is made up of __________.

A.a lining of transitional epithelium

B.an outer connective tissue layer that is used to anchor the uterus in its correct place in the body

C.endothelium that grows and is shed in each menstrual cycle

D.smooth muscle

D

In comparison to spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis, oogenesis __________.

A.produces many fewer functional gametes

B.takes a longer time to complete the process of gamete production

C.produces equal numbers of functional gametes

D.can occur for a longer portion of a female's life span than spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis can occur in a male's life span

A

If Rebecca thinks she might be pregnant and takes a home pregnancy test, which hormone is she likely to be testing for to determine pregnancy?

A.progesterone

B.estrogen

C.testosterone

D.human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

D

Premature menopause ________.

usually occurs before the age of 35 years

A.does not always occur in females

B.occurs because of a shortage of primordial follicles

C.occurs any time menstruation ceases

D.None of the answers are correct.

C

The changes that occur in a woman's body at menopause are due to ________.

A.depletion of oocyte supply

B.fluid retention that disrupts the osmotic balance of the body

C.reduced frequency of sexual activity

D.reduced levels of estrogen and progesterone

E.increased production of androgens by the adrenal gland

D

The change in function of the male reproductive system that is comparable to menopause in women is ________.

A.not comparable between the aging male and female reproductive systems

B.called the male climacteric

C.called manopause

D.nothing; the male reproductive system does not change with age

E.None of the answers are correct.

B

Menopause is characterized by __________.

A.an increase in uterus size

B.an increase in breast size

C.a thinning of the vaginal walls

D.all of the listed changes

C

In comparison to aging females, aging males __________.

A.can produce more offspring at later ages

B.experience dramatic declines in levels of FSH and LH

C.struggle with greater losses in bone density

D.begin to decrease sperm production in their thirties, whereas females experience menopause in the mid-forties to mid-fifties

A