Experiment 4. Acidimetric Assay by Double-Indicator Titration
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56 Terms
unknown basic solutions
Objective of Acidimetric Assay by Double-Indicator Titration:
To determine the percentage composition of ____________________ using double-indicator titration.
Acidimetric assay
analysis of bases using an accurately measured volume of acid
Double-indicator titration
involves the use of 2 indicators that are added subsequently in one unknown solution
Volumetric Analysis
Type of Quantitative Analysis used in the Experiments
Neutralization
Type of Volumetric Analysis used in the experiment
Direct Method
Method under Neutralization utilized in the experiment
Double-Indicator Method
Signals the different endpoints in the given neutralization reactions
Reactions that take place have 2 different endpoints when different indicators are used
Mixture identification
IMPORTANCE OF DOUBLE-INDICATOR METHOD:
Samples often contain multiple bases (eg. NaOH and Na2CO3) with different strengths
Single indicators show total neutralization; double indicators separate each base
Stepwise neutralization
IMPORTANCE OF DOUBLE-INDICATOR METHOD:
Double indicators pinpoint each step’s endpoint for accurate measurement
Enhanced accuracy
IMPORTANCE OF DOUBLE-INDICATOR METHOD:
Ensures precise quantification of individual base components
Direct Acidimetry
PRINCIPLES OF DOUBLE-INDICATOR TITRATION:
a. Type of Assay?
b. Type of Volumetric Analysis Method?
c. Indicator used?
a = ?
Neutralization
PRINCIPLES OF DOUBLE-INDICATOR TITRATION:
a. Type of Assay?
b. Type of Volumetric Analysis Method?
c. Indicator used?
b = ?
Pp and MO
PRINCIPLES OF DOUBLE-INDICATOR TITRATION:
a. Type of Assay?
b. Type of Volumetric Analysis Method?
c. Indicator used?
c = ?
8.0 - 10.0
COLOR OF INDICATORS IN DIFFERENT MEDIA:
Pp
a. pH range = ?
b. Acid = ?
c. Base = ?
d. Neutral = ?
a = ?
colorless
COLOR OF INDICATORS IN DIFFERENT MEDIA:
Pp
a. pH range = ?
b. Acid = ?
c. Base = ?
d. Neutral = ?
b = ?
dark pink
COLOR OF INDICATORS IN DIFFERENT MEDIA:
Pp
a. pH range = ?
b. Acid = ?
c. Base = ?
d. Neutral = ?
c = ?
light pink
COLOR OF INDICATORS IN DIFFERENT MEDIA:
Pp
a. pH range = ?
b. Acid = ?
c. Base = ?
d. Neutral = ?
d = ?
3.2 - 4.4
COLOR OF INDICATORS IN DIFFERENT MEDIA:
MO
a. pH range = ?
b. Acid = ?
c. Base = ?
d. Neutral = ?
a = ?
Red
COLOR OF INDICATORS IN DIFFERENT MEDIA:
MO
a. pH range = ?
b. Acid = ?
c. Base = ?
d. Neutral = ?
b = ?
Yellow
COLOR OF INDICATORS IN DIFFERENT MEDIA:
MO
a. pH range = ?
b. Acid = ?
c. Base = ?
d. Neutral = ?
c = ?
Salmon/Peach
COLOR OF INDICATORS IN DIFFERENT MEDIA:
MO
a. pH range = ?
b. Acid = ?
c. Base = ?
d. Neutral = ?
d = ?
Completely Neutralized
REACTIONS OF BASES UNDER DIFFERENT INDICATORS
OH-
a. Pp
b. Mo
a = ?
Completely Neutralized
REACTIONS OF BASES UNDER DIFFERENT INDICATORS
OH-
a. Pp
b. Mo
b = ?
Half-neutralized
REACTIONS OF BASES UNDER DIFFERENT INDICATORS
CO3-2
a. Pp
b. Mo
a = ?
Completely Neutralized
REACTIONS OF BASES UNDER DIFFERENT INDICATORS
CO3-2
a. Pp
b. Mo
b = ?
No Reaction
REACTIONS OF BASES UNDER DIFFERENT INDICATORS
HCO3-
a. Pp
b. Mo
a = ?
Completely Neutralized
REACTIONS OF BASES UNDER DIFFERENT INDICATORS
HCO3-
a. Pp
b. Mo
b = ?
5.0-mL of the unknown solution
1. Pipet out ________________________________.
2. Add _____________________________.
3. Add 2 drops of ___________________.
4. If the color of the solution is a.__________, proceed to the next step. If it is b.________, proceed to step no. 7.
5. Titrate with ______________________ to light pink or disappearance of the pink color. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
6. _________ the volume of standard HCl solution used.
7. To the same solution, add _______________________________.
8. Continue titration with __________________ to a salmon color endpoint. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
9. _________ the volume of the standard HCl solution used.
10. Determine the ____________________________________ of the unknown solution from the volume of the standard HCl solution consumed during the phenolphthalein and methyl orange titrations.
1 = ?
20 mL of distilled water
1. Pipet out ________________________________.
2. Add _____________________________.
3. Add 2 drops of ___________________.
4. If the color of the solution is a.__________, proceed to the next step. If it is b.________, proceed to step no. 7.
5. Titrate with ______________________ to light pink or disappearance of the pink color. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
6. _________ the volume of standard HCl solution used.
7. To the same solution, add _______________________________.
8. Continue titration with __________________ to a salmon color endpoint. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
9. _________ the volume of the standard HCl solution used.
10. Determine the ____________________________________ of the unknown solution from the volume of the standard HCl solution consumed during the phenolphthalein and methyl orange titrations.
2 = ?
phenolphthalein
1. Pipet out ________________________________.
2. Add _____________________________.
3. Add 2 drops of ___________________.
4. If the color of the solution is a.__________, proceed to the next step. If it is b.________, proceed to step no. 7.
5. Titrate with ______________________ to light pink or disappearance of the pink color. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
6. _________ the volume of standard HCl solution used.
7. To the same solution, add _______________________________.
8. Continue titration with __________________ to a salmon color endpoint. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
9. _________ the volume of the standard HCl solution used.
10. Determine the ____________________________________ of the unknown solution from the volume of the standard HCl solution consumed during the phenolphthalein and methyl orange titrations.
3 = ?
dark pink
1. Pipet out ________________________________.
2. Add _____________________________.
3. Add 2 drops of ___________________.
4. If the color of the solution is a.__________, proceed to the next step. If it is b.________, proceed to step no. 7.
5. Titrate with ______________________ to light pink or disappearance of the pink color. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
6. _________ the volume of standard HCl solution used.
7. To the same solution, add _______________________________.
8. Continue titration with __________________ to a salmon color endpoint. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
9. _________ the volume of the standard HCl solution used.
10. Determine the ____________________________________ of the unknown solution from the volume of the standard HCl solution consumed during the phenolphthalein and methyl orange titrations.
4.a. = ?
light pink
1. Pipet out ________________________________.
2. Add _____________________________.
3. Add 2 drops of ___________________.
4. If the color of the solution is a.__________, proceed to the next step. If it is b.________, proceed to step no. 7.
5. Titrate with ______________________ to light pink or disappearance of the pink color. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
6. _________ the volume of standard HCl solution used.
7. To the same solution, add _______________________________.
8. Continue titration with __________________ to a salmon color endpoint. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
9. _________ the volume of the standard HCl solution used.
10. Determine the ____________________________________ of the unknown solution from the volume of the standard HCl solution consumed during the phenolphthalein and methyl orange titrations.
4.b. = ?
standard HCl solution
1. Pipet out ________________________________.
2. Add _____________________________.
3. Add 2 drops of ___________________.
4. If the color of the solution is a.__________, proceed to the next step. If it is b.________, proceed to step no. 7.
5. Titrate with ______________________ to light pink or disappearance of the pink color. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
6. _________ the volume of standard HCl solution used.
7. To the same solution, add _______________________________.
8. Continue titration with __________________ to a salmon color endpoint. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
9. _________ the volume of the standard HCl solution used.
10. Determine the ____________________________________ of the unknown solution from the volume of the standard HCl solution consumed during the phenolphthalein and methyl orange titrations.
5 = ?
Record
1. Pipet out ________________________________.
2. Add _____________________________.
3. Add 2 drops of ___________________.
4. If the color of the solution is a.__________, proceed to the next step. If it is b.________, proceed to step no. 7.
5. Titrate with ______________________ to light pink or disappearance of the pink color. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
6. _________ the volume of standard HCl solution used.
7. To the same solution, add _______________________________.
8. Continue titration with __________________ to a salmon color endpoint. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
9. _________ the volume of the standard HCl solution used.
10. Determine the ____________________________________ of the unknown solution from the volume of the standard HCl solution consumed during the phenolphthalein and methyl orange titrations.
6 = ?
2 drops of methyl orange
1. Pipet out ________________________________.
2. Add _____________________________.
3. Add 2 drops of ___________________.
4. If the color of the solution is a.__________, proceed to the next step. If it is b.________, proceed to step no. 7.
5. Titrate with ______________________ to light pink or disappearance of the pink color. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
6. _________ the volume of standard HCl solution used.
7. To the same solution, add _______________________________.
8. Continue titration with __________________ to a salmon color endpoint. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
9. _________ the volume of the standard HCl solution used.
10. Determine the ____________________________________ of the unknown solution from the volume of the standard HCl solution consumed during the phenolphthalein and methyl orange titrations.
7 = ?
standard HCl solution
1. Pipet out ________________________________.
2. Add _____________________________.
3. Add 2 drops of ___________________.
4. If the color of the solution is a.__________, proceed to the next step. If it is b.________, proceed to step no. 7.
5. Titrate with ______________________ to light pink or disappearance of the pink color. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
6. _________ the volume of standard HCl solution used.
7. To the same solution, add _______________________________.
8. Continue titration with __________________ to a salmon color endpoint. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
9. _________ the volume of the standard HCl solution used.
10. Determine the ____________________________________ of the unknown solution from the volume of the standard HCl solution consumed during the phenolphthalein and methyl orange titrations.
8 = ?
Record
1. Pipet out ________________________________.
2. Add _____________________________.
3. Add 2 drops of ___________________.
4. If the color of the solution is a.__________, proceed to the next step. If it is b.________, proceed to step no. 7.
5. Titrate with ______________________ to light pink or disappearance of the pink color. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
6. _________ the volume of standard HCl solution used.
7. To the same solution, add _______________________________.
8. Continue titration with __________________ to a salmon color endpoint. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
9. _________ the volume of the standard HCl solution used.
10. Determine the ____________________________________ of the unknown solution from the volume of the standard HCl solution consumed during the phenolphthalein and methyl orange titrations.
9 = ?
composition and corresponding concentration
1. Pipet out ________________________________.
2. Add _____________________________.
3. Add 2 drops of ___________________.
4. If the color of the solution is a.__________, proceed to the next step. If it is b.________, proceed to step no. 7.
5. Titrate with ______________________ to light pink or disappearance of the pink color. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
6. _________ the volume of standard HCl solution used.
7. To the same solution, add _______________________________.
8. Continue titration with __________________ to a salmon color endpoint. (NOTE: record initial and final reading of HCl)
9. _________ the volume of the standard HCl solution used.
10. Determine the ____________________________________ of the unknown solution from the volume of the standard HCl solution consumed during the phenolphthalein and methyl orange titrations.
10 = ?
vol Pp only
RELATIONSHIP OF BASE IDENTITY TO VOLUME OF STANDARD HCl CONSUMED:
Pure NaOH
equal amounts of Pp and Mo (Pp = Mo)
RELATIONSHIP OF BASE IDENTITY TO VOLUME OF STANDARD HCl CONSUMED:
Pure Na2CO3
vol Mo only
RELATIONSHIP OF BASE IDENTITY TO VOLUME OF STANDARD HCl CONSUMED:
Pure NaHCO3
Pp is greater than Mo (Pp > Mo)
RELATIONSHIP OF BASE IDENTITY TO VOLUME OF STANDARD HCl CONSUMED:
Mixture of NaOH and Na2CO3
Pp is less than Mo (Pp < Mo)
RELATIONSHIP OF BASE IDENTITY TO VOLUME OF STANDARD HCl CONSUMED:
Mixture of NAHCO3 and Na2CO3
Vol HCl in Pp
TOTAL VOLUME OF STANDARD HCl CONSUMED
Pure NaOH
Vol HCl in Pp + Vol HCl in Mo
TOTAL VOLUME OF STANDARD HCl CONSUMED
Pure Na2CO3
Vol Mo only
TOTAL VOLUME OF STANDARD HCl CONSUMED
Pure NaHCO3
Vol HCl in Pp - Vol HCl in Mo
TOTAL VOLUME OF STANDARD HCl CONSUMED
Mixture of NaOH and Na2CO3
NaOH = ?
2 Vol HCl in Mo
TOTAL VOLUME OF STANDARD HCl CONSUMED
Mixture of NaOH and Na2CO3
Na2CO3 = ?
Vol. HCl in Mo - Vol. HCl in Pp
TOTAL VOLUME OF STANDARD HCl CONSUMED
Mixture of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3
NaHCO3 = ?
2 Vol HCl in Pp
TOTAL VOLUME OF STANDARD HCl CONSUMED
Mixture of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3
Na2CO3 = ?
AgNO3
ANALYSIS OF ACID:
HCl
a. Reagent
b. Product
a = ?
AgCl (white ppt)
ANALYSIS OF ACID:
HCl
a. Reagent
b. Product
b = ?
BaCl2
ANALYSIS OF ACID:
H2SO4
a. Reagent
b. Product
a = ?
BaSO4 (white ppt)
ANALYSIS OF ACID:
H2SO4
a. Reagent
b. Product
b = ?
CH3CH2OH (Ethyl Alcohol) + H2SO4 (catalyst)
ANALYSIS OF ACID:
CH3COOH
a. Reagent
b. Product
a = ?
CH3COOCH2CH3 (fruity odor)
ANALYSIS OF ACID:
CH3COOH
a. Reagent
b. Product
b = ?