Pediatric Perfusion and Congenital Heart Disease

This set of flashcards covers essential vocabulary and concepts related to pediatric perfusion, congenital heart disease, and associated disorders.

Perfusion

The process by which the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to body organs and tissues.

Ductus Venosus

A vessel that bypasses the fetal liver, allowing oxygenated blood to flow from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava.

Foramen Ovale

An open flap connecting the right and left atrium in a fetus, allowing oxygenated blood to bypass nonfunctional fetal lungs.

Ductus Arteriosus

A duct that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing oxygenated blood to bypass nonfunctional fetal lungs.

Tetralogy of Fallot

A congenital heart defect that includes four anatomical abnormalities: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

A hole in the septum between the right and left atrium, allowing blood to flow from the left atrium to the right atrium.

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

A hole in the septum between the right and left ventricle, allowing blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

A condition where the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, causing oxygenated blood to shunt from the aorta to the pulmonary artery.

Coarctation of the Aorta

A narrowing of the aorta that causes obstruction to blood flow, leading to increased pressure before the defect and decreased pressure beyond it.

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)

Anatomic abnormalities present at birth that can lead to heart failure and hypoxemia.

Kawasaki Disease

An acute systemic vasculitis causing inflammation of blood vessels, primarily affecting children under five, with unknown cause.

Rheumatic Fever

A systemic inflammatory disease that can occur after Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection, leading to joint and heart involvement.

Sickle Cell Anemia

An inherited hematologic disorder characterized by sickled red blood cells, causing pain and various complications.

Echocardiogram

A diagnostic test that uses ultrasound to create images of the heart, often used to diagnose congenital heart defects.

Tachycardia

An increased heart rate, often observed in response to severe hypoxemia.

Bradycardia

A decreased heart rate, which can be a response seen in children during severe hypoxemia.

Diuretics

Medications used to remove excess fluid from the body, often used in the management of heart failure.