Recombinant DNA Biotechnology

DNA Fingerprinting

Characterization of an individual by DNA base sequences.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)

A variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome.

VNTRs

Variable Number of Tandem Repeats; DNA sequences that are repeated and vary in number among individuals.

PCR

Polymerase Chain Reaction; a technique used to amplify small segments of DNA.

Gel Electrophoresis

A method for separating DNA fragments based on their size through a gel matrix.

Transgenic Plants

Plants that have been genetically modified to express foreign genes.

Bacillus thuringiensis

A bacterium that produces a protein toxin toxic to certain insect larvae.

Molecular Pharming

The use of genetically modified plants and animals to produce pharmaceuticals.

Glyphosate

A broad-spectrum herbicide that inhibits an enzyme system in plants.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

A bacterium commonly used as a vector to transfer genes into plants.

CRISPR

A gene-editing technology that allows for precise modifications to DNA.

Gene Therapy

A technique that modifies a person's genes to treat or prevent disease.

Genome Editing

The process of altering the DNA of an organism.

Biotechnology

The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products.

Cloning

The process of producing genetically identical individuals.

Stem Cells

Undifferentiated cells that can develop into various cell types.

Genomic Library

A collection of the total genomic DNA from a single organism.

Sequencing

Determining the exact order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.

Bioinformatics

The application of computer technology to manage biological information.

Phenotype

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism.