10: Europe as a Climate Power

These flashcards cover key concepts of European Union climate policy, including the European Green Deal, energy security shifts after 2022, and the history of EU climate diplomacy.

IPCC Working Group 1 report (2021)

A report described as a 'code red for humanity' by Guterres, stating that evidence of greenhouse-gas emissions from fossil-fuel burning and deforestation is irrefutable and chokes the planet.

The European Green Deal

The EU's roadmap for a sustainable economy that aims for climate ambition in 2030 and 2050, including goals like zero pollution, 'Farm to Fork' food systems, and preserving biodiversity.

Just Transition

A mechanism within the European Green Deal intended to finance the climate transition while ensuring that 'no one is left behind.'

EU Energy Diversification

The strategy to seek various energy sources, routes, and suppliers particularly in the gas domain, to strengthen relations with reliable transit countries and promote nuclear safety.

Nord Stream 1 and 2

Gas pipeline routes through the Baltic Sea connecting Russia (Vyborg and Ust-Luga) to Germany (Greifswald).

Securitization of renewables

A shift resulting from the 2022 energy crisis where renewable energy moved to the center of European security policy.

Renewables extractivism

A new form of 'EU green-realpolitik' characterized by a move towards policies centered on extracting renewable energy from third countries.

ERTA case (1971)

A legal judgment of the ECJ that allowed the Community (in the shape of the Commission) to gain the capacity for external representation.

Kyoto Protocol (1997)

A landmark international climate agreement in which the EU played a central role in development through its climate diplomacy.

COP15 Copenhagen (2009)

A climate conference where the EU is generally seen to have failed, occurring amid the global financial crisis and the rise of BRIC countries.

COP21 Paris

A successful climate summit with an aspiration to constrain global mean temperature increase to $1.5^{\circ}\text{C}$ and a new framework for reviewing nationally determined contributions.

EU Climate Diplomacy

An area of external action where the EU acts as a 'power' by bringing together developed and less developed countries, leveraging its status as a development power.