Anemia I

If a cat has been vax for FIV it will show up ____ on SNAP test?

Positive - looking for antibodies

A puppy w/ a large distended abdomen may have ____ induced anemia?

Hookworm

An icteric dog/cat may have _____ and a middle aged female cocker spaniel may have ____ induced anemia?

Hemolysis

IMHA

Pitbulls have a predisposition to get what parasite that causes anemia?

Babes gibsoni

What are a few drugs that can induce anemias?

Chemo

Methimazole

Phenobarbitol

Chloramphenicol

A low TP suggests ____ where as a high TP could indicate ___ or ___?

Blood loss

Dehydration/ hypergolbinemia

Dehydration can falsely ___ TP?

Increase

A hematocrit of _____% in a dog and ____% in a cat represents Regenerative anemia?

Below 35%

Below 30%

A TP between ___ and ___ in a dog and ___ and ___ in a cat represents Regenerative anemia?

5.5-7.4

6-8

An absolute retic count above ___ in a dog and ___ in a cat represents regenerative anemia?

100K

60K

A corrected retic % of Above ___ in a dog and ___ in a cat represents a regenerative anemia?

1.0%

0.4%

What can you R/O w/ evidence of regenerative anemia?

Decreased production

Regenerative anemia suggest what possible causes?

Loss or destruction

- caution w/ lag phase of 3-5days

- chronic blood loss - decreased iron

Bone marrow dz is an example of ____ anemia?

Non-regen

Acute/ chronic inflammation is an example of ___ anemia?

Non-regen

Chronic blood loss or not enough EPO is an example of ____ anemia?

Non-regen

What is the hematocrit cutoff for tx in dogs and cats?

Dog - <20%

Cat - <27%

What are ways to tx anemia due to Decreased EPO in Renal dz?

Blood transfusion

EPO stimulating agent

Molidustat

What is Darbepoetin?

EPO analoge w/ carbohydrate shell - reduces risk of autoantibodies

What is Epogen?

EPO analog - increased risk of autoantibodies but cheap

What is Molidustat?

Hypoxia inducible factor propel hydroxylate inhibitor -> increases EPO and iron metabolism

What hematocrit range do we typically see for anemia of inflammatory dz?

MILD

25-30% - dogs

20-24% Cats

anemia of inflammatory is ____ treated?

Rarely - normocytic normochromic, +/- inflammation leukogram

Anemia of bone marrow dz is typically ____ requiring what to dx?

Severe

-cytology/ core biopsy

Anemia of bone marrow dz will typically show what signs?

Very low Hematocrit -> Dog <25% Cat <20%

Chronic and gradual -> lethargy worsening over months

What is the most common cause of bone marrow mediated non regenerative anemia in dogs?

PIMA - Precursor targeted immune mediated anemia

What breeds can be predisposed to PIMA?

Dachshunds

Labs

Whippets

What are four potential findings of PIMA on cytology?

Erythrophagocytosis

Erythroid hyperplasia

Erythroid hypoplasia

Maturation arrest

When would you see erythroid hypoplasia w/ PIMA?

Immune attack to earliest stage of erythroid development

When would you see erythroid hyperplasia?

Immune attack to late erythroblasts/ reticulocytes

What is maturation arrest?

Lots of stages w/ nothing beyond a specific stage of development

What is erythrophagocytosis?

Macrophages eating erythroid precursors

What is the prognosis of PIMA?

Do well w/ transfusion - remission in 2m (can take 4-6m or not at all)

How should PIMA be tx?

Transfusion - cross match

Immun suppression Pred + atopica/azathioprine (do 2 types)

Antithrombotic

Immune suppression for PIMA should not be tapered until when?

Remission

What are signs of Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA)?

Erythroid hypoplasia -> typically immune system targets very early line/ stem cells of Erythrocytes

What age cats will we typically see PIMA/ PRA in?

Less than 3yo - no retics seen

What is tx for PIMA and PRA in cats?

Transfusion

Prenisolone +/- chlorambucil/ cyclosporine (dont immediately do both)

What are a few infections that can cause aplastic anemia?

Erlichia canis

Parvo virus

FeLV

Histoplasmosis

Estrogen toxicity can cause what?

Aplastic anemia

-Sertoli cell tumors/ estrogen cream

What is the most common cause of aplastic anemia?

Idiopathic

What is the prognosis of idiopathic aplastic anemia?

Poor

How is aplastic anemia tx?

Immunosuppression?

Remove source

Eltrombopag

B12

Darbepoetin

GM-CSF

What is myelophthsis?

Displacement of hemopoietic bone marrow tissue by infectious/ neoplastic material

Any cat with a moderate to severe anemia should have what test performed?

FeLv SNAP test

What does FeLv cause in cats?

Cytopenia and non-regenerative anemias

Macrocytic hypochromic

Cats w/ FeLv induced anima have a ___ prognosis?

Poor - need lots of blood transfusions