Module 6

Microphyll

A lycophyte leaf typically containing a single, UNBRANCHED vein.

Megaphyll

A type of leaf that typically has multiple, BRANCHING veins

Megaspore

Develops into a female gametophyte that produces eggs

Microspore

Develops into a male gametophyte that produces sperm

Megasporangium

A reproductive structure in plants where megaspores are produced

Microsporangium

A reproductive structure in plants that produces microspores

Microsporocyte

A diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid (n) microspores

Megasporocyte

A diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid (n) megaspores

Archegonia

Female reproductive structures in certain plants that produce and protect egg cells! (inside the gametophytes)

Antheridia

Male reproductive structures in certain plants that produce and protect sperm cells (inside the gametophytes)

Gamete

A reproductive cell (sperm or egg) that can fuse with another gamete during fertilization.

Strobilus

Cone-like reproductive structure

Sori

Clusters of sporangia usually found on the underside of fern leaves

Sporophyll

• Sporo- = Spore

• -phyll = Leaf

Spore-bearing leaf —> modified leaf that bears sporangia (spore-producing structures)

Gamentangia

Produce or contain gametes (sex cells), such as sperm and eggs

Sporangia

Reproductive structures in plants that produce spores. (Singular: sporangium)

Gametophyte

Haploid (n) stage of a plant's life cycle that produces gametes (sperm or egg cells) through mitosis

Sporophyte

The diploid (2n) generation of a plant that produces spores through meiosis

Homosporous

Spores often form bisexual gametophytes

Heterosporous

Microspores form male gametophytes; megaspores form female gametophytes

Bisexual gametophyte

A gametophyte that can produce BOTH sperm and egg cells

How does the phylogenetic tree of land plants reflect adaptations in plants to living on land?  What were the benefits/challenges of living on land?

Waxy cuticle for drying out, Stomata for gas exchange, xylem and phloem for transport of water and minerals, pollen for reproduction.

Charophyceans

Green algae closely related to land plants do not have in the same form

What key traits appear in land plants but are absent from Charophyceans?

Alternation of generations (Plants have multicellular sporophyte (2n) and gametophyte (n) generations), Multicellular dependent embryos, multicellular gametangia,

Bryophites

Nonvascular plants, reproduce using spores, their gametophyte is dominant generation, homosporous

Lycophytes

Seedless vascular plants, microphylls, strobili, their sporophyte is the dominant generation, homo and hetero

Monilophytes

Seedless vascular plants, megaphylls, their sporophyte is the dominant generation, homosporous

According to the fossil record, plants colonized terrestrial habitats ________

In conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil

Lycophytes include

Club mosses and spike mosses

Monilophytes include

Ferns and horsetails

Bryophytes include

Mosses and liverworts

Club mosses and spike mosses

Lycophytes

Ferns and Horsetails

Monilophytes

Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

Bryophytes

-cyte

cell

-angium

structure or container

-phyll

leaf

-phyte

plant