CH101 Exam 2

What is an ionic bond, how do atoms bond?

Bond bewteen cation and anion through transferring valence electrons.

What is a covalent bond, how do atoms bond?

The bond between two anions through the sharing of electrons

What is special about the bonding of ionic compounds

form cyrstal lattice network, take place equally in all directions

What is special about the bonding of covalent compounds

The bonds are directional, creating predicular molecular shapes

How do you name ionic bonds

cation+ anion(ide)

How do you name covalent bonds

(prefix if not 1) least electronegative+(prefix) more electronegative(ide)

What is the strength of bonds weakest to strongest?

ionic, polar-covalent, non-polar-covalent

What is a ployatomic atom, and example

ion composed of more than one atom covalently bonded together, NH4

What atoms are REQUIRED an octet in Lewis Structures

N, C, O, F

How does bond energy change with increasing bond order?

Increases

How does bond length change with increasing bond order

decreases

What is the formula for formal charge?

FC=VE-NB-1/2BE

What bonds does C like to make

4 bonds

What bonds does N like to make

3 bonds, 1 lone pair

What bonds does O like to make

2 bonds, 2 lone pairs

What bonds does F like to make?

1 bond, 3 lone pairs

What is a resonance structure

Multiple correct ways of drawing a Lewis Structure

How do you calculate the bond order of resonance structures

(BO#1 + BO#2)/ # LS

What means there could be a resonance structure?

One lone pair adjacent to a double bond

What are the three electron groups of VESPR

Linear, Trigonal Planar, Tetrahedral

What is the 2 electron domain

Linear geometrical/ molecular geometry

What is the 3 electron domain

trigonal planar geometry, trigonal planar and bent molecular geometry

What is the bond angle of linear geometry

180

What is the bond angle of trigonal planar

120

What is the bond angle of tetrahedral

109.5

What is the 4 electron domain

tetrahedral geometry, molecular geometry, bent, trigonal pyramidal, tetrahedral

What is a sigma bond

direct end-to-end orbital overlap on the internuclear axis

What is a pi bond

overlap of the p orbitals above and below the internuclear axis

What is the rule of sigma and pi bonds

The first bond order is always a sigma bond, with the following being pi bonds

What is hybridization?

electron location of atoms engaged in a bond

What is the rule for hybridization?

Number orbitals in= number orbital out

What is the hybridization of CH_4(4 bonds)

sp³

What is molecular orbital theory

electronic structure of molcules using quantum theory

When do you want to use molecular orbital theory

when solving the electromagnetic properties of molecules

What is the bond order of MOT

1/2(BE-ABE) where BE=low energy orbitals, ABE= high energy orbtials

Paramagnetic vs Diamagnetic

attracted to magentic feild + lone pairs, no lone pairs+ no attraction to magentic feild

Avogadros law

directly poportional relationship between moles and volume

Boyles law

inversely proportional relationship of pressure and volume

Charles law

directly proportional relationship betwen volume and temperature

What is molarity

moles divided by total volume of solution

What is Partial pressure

PVRNT when multiple gases present

Define intermolcular forces

attractions that exist between molecules

Define intramolecular forces

attractions within a single molecular, geometry

What are the three intermolecular forces

London-Dispersion, Dipole-Dipole, Hydrogen bonding

What is a London-Dispersion force

present in all molecules, a greater force is in larger molecules

What are dipole-dipole interactions

two polar molecules, with opposites attract

What is hydrogen bonding- intermolecular forces

the bond between H and N, O, and F

Rank the strength of intermolecular forces of the states of matter weakest to strongest

gas, liquid, solid

What forces are stronger, intramolecular or intermolecular forces

intramolecular forces

What is true about the relationship between intermolecular forces and the melting/boiling points of compounds

directly proportional

What is true about vapor pressure and intermolecular forces

they are inversely preportional

What is vapor pressure

pressure excerted by a gas in equilibrium with liquid at a specific temperature

What is the conversion factor of molar concentration(M)

denisty

What is true about a high atmospheric pressure

difficult to escape from the liquid phase

What is true about covalent compound solutions

like dissolves like

What is hydrophilic

water loving, polar

what is hydrophobic

water hating, non-polar

what is ion-dipole interaction

ion interacting with the dipole region with another molecule, opposites attract