Antibiotics lect 17

Flashcards on Antibiotics.

Antibiotic

Against life, applies to antibacterial compounds in general.

Antimicrobial

Includes bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.

1670

Observed bacteria following the invention of microscopy.

Louis Pasteur

Isolated and sterilized water and realized the price of sterilization.

Joseph Lister

Realized microorganisms were in the wounds, leading to complications and death.

Carbolic acid

Sterilization agent used by Joseph Lister, also known as phenol.

Lasphenamine

A compound developed by Paul Ehrlich for heartworm bacterial infection.

Magic bullet

A term meaning something which only kills off what you want it to kill off, so it doesn't attack anywhere else.

Fleming

Discovered penicillin.

How to find antibacterials

Target the differences between animal cells and bacterial cells.

Gram positive vs gram negative bacteria

Gram positive have quite a thick outer wall, and dye can get stuck into that. Gram negative dye tends to get washed out and has two membranes.

Sulfonamides

An example of targeting a bacterial enzyme.

Penicillins and peptides

An example of targeting cell wall synthesis.

Polymic mixes

An example of targeting interaction with plasma membranes.

Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol

An example of targeting protein synthesis

Pratoxyl

Was found to have anti bacterial properties and is metabolized into the active compound sulfonylamide.

Tetrahydrofolate

Bacteria need to synthesize this, which goes to folic acid and is a cofactor.

Para aminobenzoic acid

This compound is added to generate a compound that's developed to tetrahydrofolate.

Sulfonamide

Bioisostere for the carboxylic acid group.

Penicillin

Airborne fungus spore that had come from the window and affected his fishes.

Beta lactam ring

A four-membered ring, which is strained and has a carbon count group.

Thylacetin ring

A five-membered ring for the sulfur and nitrogen.

Lactam

A cyclic amide.