[MICROBIOLOGY] Bacteriology - Part 1 - Introduction

a. Coccus

Round circular shape.

a. Coccus

b. Bacillus

c. Spirochetes

d. Pleomorphic

b. Bacillus

Rod shaped.

a. Coccus

b. Bacillus

c. Spirochetes

d. Pleomorphic

c. Spirochetes

Spiral shaped.

a. Coccus

b. Bacillus

c. Spirochetes

d. Pleomorphic

f. All

Spirochetes microorganism include:

a. Leptospira

b. Treponoma

c. Borrelia

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

d. Pleomorphic

Vary in shape.

a. Coccus

b. Bacillus

c. Spirochetes

d. Pleomorphic

f. None

Bacterial envelope component except:

a. Capsule

b. Outer membrane

c. Cell wall

d. Cell membrane

e. Attachment proteins

f. None

a. Capsule

Outermost layer if present identified by India ink.

a. Capsule

b. Outer membrane

c. Cell wall

d. Cell membrane

e. Attachment proteins

a. Capsule

Mucoid and slimy polysaccharide layer which is responsible for preventing phagocytosis.

a. Capsule

b. Outer membrane

c. Cell wall

d. Cell membrane

e. Attachment proteins

a. Capsule

Has the virulence factor K antigen.

a. Capsule

b. Outer membrane

c. Cell wall

d. Cell membrane

e. Attachment proteins

b. I, II, III, IV, V

Cryptococcus neoformans has capsule but is a FUNGI.

Bacteria with capsule:

I. Streptococcus pneumoniae

II. Haemophilus influenza

III. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

IV. Klebsiella pneumoniae

V. Nesseria meningitis

VI. Cryptococcus neoformans

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

b. I, II, III, IV, V

c. I, III, IV, V, VI

d. I, II, III, IV

e. I, IV, V, VI

b. Outer membrane

Major permeability layer for gram negative bacteria.

a. Capsule

b. Outer membrane

c. Cell wall

d. Cell membrane

e. Attachment proteins

b. Outer membrane

Contain Lipid A which is endotoxin.

a. Capsule

b. Outer membrane

c. Cell wall

d. Cell membrane

e. Attachment proteins

e. Listeria

The only gram positive bacteria that can produce endotoxin.

a. Bacillus

b. Clostridium

c. Klebsiella

d. Nesseria

e. Listeria

f. Periplasmic space

Found between the outer membrane and the cell wall where lysozymes and beta lactamase are present.

a. Capsule

b. Outer membrane

c. Cell wall

d. Cell membrane

e. Attachment proteins

f. Periplasmic space

c. Cell wall

Peptidoglycan layer

a. Capsule

b. Outer membrane

c. Cell wall

d. Cell membrane

e. Attachment proteins

c. Cell wall

Contain the O-antigen.

a. Capsule

b. Outer membrane

c. Cell wall

d. Cell membrane

e. Attachment proteins

b. Mycoplasma

All bacteria have cell wall except:

a. Mycobacterium

b. Mycoplasma

c. Listeria

d. Nocardia

e. Bacilli

d. Has lysozymes and beta lactamase

Lysozymes and beta lactamase are found in periplasmic space which is only found on gram negative bacteria.

True about gram positive bacteria except:

a. Blue or violet in gram staining

b. Thick peptidoglycan layer (7-8)

c. Contain teichoic acid

d. Has lysozymes and beta lactamase

e. Produce exotoxins

f. None

e. Contain endotoxin only

Gram negative bacteria contain endotoxin and exotoxin.

True about gram negative bacteria except:

a. Red or pink in gram staining

b. Has thinner peptidoglycan layer (1-2)

c. Do not contain techoic acid

d. Has periplasmic space

e. Contain endotoxin only

f. None

a. Gram staining

Most commonly used differential stain for bacteria.

a. Gram staining

b. Acid fast staining

e. None

Component of gram staining except:

a. Crystal violet

b. Gram's Iodine

c. Alcohol

d. Safranin O

e. None

a. Crystal violet

Primary stain in gram staining.

a. Crystal violet

b. Gram's Iodine

c. Alcohol

d. Safranin O

e. None

c. Alcohol

Decolorizer in gram staining.

a. Crystal violet

b. Gram's Iodine

c. Alcohol

d. Safranin O

e. None

d. Safranin O

Secondary stain or counter stain in gram staining.

a. Crystal violet

b. Gram's Iodine

c. Alcohol

d. Safranin O

e. None

d. Legionella

Gram negative cocci:

• Neisseria

• Veillonella

• Moraxella

All cocci are gram positive except:

a. Neisseria

b. Veillonella

c. Moraxella

d. Legionella

e. None

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX

Majority of bacilli are gram negative. Which of the following are the gram positive bacilli?

I. Bacillus

II. Actinomyces

III. Nocardia

IV. Streptomyces

V. Corynebacterium, Clostridium

VI. Erysipelothrix

VII. Listeria, Lactobacillus

VIII. Mycobacterium

IX. Propionibacterium

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX

b. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

c. IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX

d. I, II, III, IV, V

e. VI, VII, VIII, IX

b. Gram positive bacilli

Propionibacterium is a:

a. Gram negative bacilli

b. Gram positive bacilli

c. Gram negative cocci

d. Gram positive cocci

f. All

Bacteria that cannot be seen on gram staning may have:

a. Thin cell wall

b. Absent cell wall

c. Thick mycotic acid layer

d. a and b

e. a and c

f. All

f. None

Bacteria that cannot be seen gram staining because they have thin or absent cell wall include all of the following except:

a. Mycoplasma

b. Chlamydia

c. Legionella pneumophila

d. Rickettsia

e. Treponema

f. None

f. None

Organisms that have thick mycotic acid layer except:

a. Cyrotosporidium

b. Legionella micdadei

c. Isospora

d. Nocardia

e. Mycobacterium

f. None

d. Nocardia

Which is a weak acid fast?

a. Cyrotosporidium

b. Legionella micdadei

c. Isospora

d. Nocardia

e. Mycobacterium

f. None

e. Mycobacterium

Which is a gram variable?

a. Cyrotosporidium

b. Legionella micdadei

c. Isospora

d. Nocardia

e. Mycobacterium

f. None

c. Both

Acid fast organism

a. Mycobacteria

b. Nocardia

c. Both

d. None of these

e. None

Component of acid fast staining except:

a. Carbol-Fuschin

b. Heat

c. Acid alcohol

d. Methylene blue

e. None

a. Fuchsia dye

In carbol-fuchsin which is the primary stain?

a. Fuchsia dye

b. Carbolic acid

b. Carbolic acid

In carbol-fuchsin which is the chemical mordant?

a. Fuchsia dye

b. Carbolic acid

c. Acid alcohol

Decolorizer in acid fast staining.

a. Carbol-Fucshin

b. Heat

c. Acid alcohol

d. Methylene blue

d. Methylene blue

Secondary stain or counter stain in acid fast staining.

a. Carbol-Fucshin

b. Heat

c. Acid alcohol

d. Methylene blue

d. Cell membrane

Phospholipid bilayer embedded with protein.

a. Capsule

b. Outer membrane

c. Cell wall

d. Cell membrane

e. Attachment proteins

d. Cell membraine

Function as selective barrier for solutes and energy metabolism.

a. Capsule

b. Outer membrane

c. Cell wall

d. Cell membrane

e. Attachment proteins

a. Fimbriae

Function for the attachment to host cell.

a. Fimbriae

b. Pili

c. Axial filament

d. Flagella

b. Pili

Function for the attachment to another bacteria, and conjugation. This is usually the virulence factor.

a. Fimbriae

b. Pili

c. Axial filament

d. Flagella

c. Axial filament

Responsible for the corkscrew motion of spirochetes.

a. Fimbriae

b. Pili

c. Axial filament

d. Flagella

d. Flagella

Responsible for forward locomotion of bacilli.

a. Fimbriae

b. Pili

c. Axial filament

d. Flagella

d. Flagella

It is the H antigen.

a. Fimbriae

b. Pili

c. Axial filament

d. Flagella

c. Lophotrichous

Tufts of flagella at one end.

a. Atrichous

b. Monotrichous

c. Lophotrichous

d. Amphitrichous

e. Peritrichous

b. Monotrichous - One flagella at one end.

Flagella of Vibrio.

a. Atrichous

b. Monotrichous

c. Lophotrichous

d. Amphitrichous

e. Peritrichous

c. Lophotrichous

Flagella of Helicobacter.

a. Atrichous

b. Monotrichous

c. Lophotrichous

d. Amphitrichous

e. Peritrichous

e. Peritrichous

Flagella of E. coli.

a. Atrichous

b. Monotrichous

c. Lophotrichous

d. Amphitrichous

e. Peritrichous

a. Nucleoid

Also known as nuclear region, nuclear body, chromatin region, and chromatin body.

a. Nucleoid

b. Plasmid

c. Ribosome

d. Spores

a. Nucleoid

Circular double stranded (ds) DNA which contains essential genetic formation.

a. Nucleoid

b. Plasmid

c. Ribosome

d. Spores

b. Plasmid

Extrachromosomal circular dsDNA which contains nonessential genetic formation.

a. Nucleoid

b. Plasmid

c. Ribosome

d. Spores

e. None

Plasmid may include the following except:

a. Resistance

b. Conjugation

c. Toxin production

d. Transposons

e. None

a. Resistance

R plasmid.

a. Resistance

b. Conjugation

c. Toxin production

d. Transposons

b. Conjugation

F plasmid which is for fertility.

a. Resistance

b. Conjugation

c. Toxin production

d. Transposons

d. Transposons

Jumping genes.

a. Resistance

b. Conjugation

c. Toxin production

d. Transposons

a. Exotoxins

Source of toxoid

a. Exotoxins

b. Endotoxins

b. Endotoxins

Causes septic shock.

a. Exotoxins

b. Endotoxins

a. Subunit A

Endotoxin subunit for activity.

a. Subunit A

b. Subunit B

c. Subunit C

d. Subunit D

b. Subunit B

Endotoxin subunit for binding.

a. Subunit A

b. Subunit B

c. Subunit C

d. Subunit D

a. Transformation

Direct uptake of naked DNA in solution.

a. Transformation

b. Transduction

c. Conjugation

d. Conduction

e. Transposition

b. Transduction

Bacteriophage mediated.

a. Transformation

b. Transduction

c. Conjugation

d. Conduction

e. Transposition

c. Conjugation

Gene transfer involving sex pili or F plasmid.

a. Transformation

b. Transduction

c. Conjugation

d. Conduction

e. Transposition

e. Transposition

Conjugation via the jumping genes.

a. Transformation

b. Transduction

c. Conjugation

d. Conduction

e. Transposition

c. Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis.

a. Nucleoid

b. Plasmid

c. Ribosome

d. Spores

d. Endospores

Important for survival such as resistance to heat, chemicals, and dehydration.

a. Nucleoid

b. Plasmid

c. Ribosome

d. Endospores

b. Dipicolinic acid - or Dipicolinate

Main composition of endospores:

a. Acotinic acid

b. Dipicolinic acid

c. Behemic acid

d. Mycotic acid

b. Malachite green

Stain for endospore:

a. Crystal violet

b. Malachite green

c. Methylene blue

d. Carbol-fuchsin

a. Green

Spore in malachite green staining.

a. Green

b. Red

c. Yellow

d. Blue

b. Red

Vegetative cell in malachite green staining.

a. Green

b. Red

c. Yellow

d. Blue

b. Heat

Physical mordant in acid fast staining.

a. Carbol-Fucshin

b. Heat

c. Acid alcohol

d. Methylene blue