Functional Groups and Substituents

These flashcards cover key functional groups and substituents in organic chemistry that are essential for understanding chemical compounds.

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Alkane

A functional group consisting exclusively of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms connected by single sigma (σ) bonds, forming a saturated hydrocarbon.

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Alkene

A functional group that contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C), making it an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Alkyne

A functional group characterized by the presence of at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, indicating a higher degree of unsaturation.

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Arene

A functional group derived from aromatic compounds; features a ring structure with alternating double bonds, commonly known for their stability.

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Haloalkane

A compound formed when one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane are replaced by halogen atoms (X), such as fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I).

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Nitroalkane

A compound comprising a nitro functional group (-NO2) attached to an alkyl group, notable for its reactivity in organic synthesis.

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Alcohol

An organic molecule containing a hydroxyl group (-OH) directly bonded to a carbon atom, categorized based on the number of carbon atoms attached (primary, secondary, tertiary).

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Ether

A functional group where an oxygen atom is bonded to two distinct alkyl or aryl groups (R-O-R'), known for their usage as solvents.

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Amine

A functional group characterized by the presence of a nitrogen atom covalently connected to one or more alkyl or aryl groups, which can classify as primary (R-NH2), secondary (R2NH), or tertiary (R3N).

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Thiol/Mercaptan

A compound featuring a sulfhydryl group (-SH) attached to an alkyl group, often noted for their strong odors.

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Aldehyde

A functional group defined by a carbonyl group (C=O) located at the end of a carbon chain (RCHO), with typical properties of reactivity in oxidation.

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Ketone

A functional group with a carbonyl group (C=O) situated between two carbon atoms (R2CO), showing different chemical reactivity compared to aldehydes.

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Carboxylic acid

A functional group that includes both a carbonyl (C=O) and a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to the same carbon atom, denoting acidity due to the release of protons (H+).

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Carboxylate

The deprotonated form of a carboxylic acid, often represented by RCO2-, which plays a significant role in chemical reactivity and salt formation.

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Ester

A compound synthesized from the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, characterized by a carbonyl group and an ether linkage (RCO2R').

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Amide

A functional group containing a carbonyl group (C=O) connected to a nitrogen atom (RCONH2, RCONHR, RCONR2), commonly found in proteins.

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Acid chloride/Acyl chloride

A compound derived from a carboxylic acid where the hydroxyl group is replaced by a chlorine atom, typically represented as RCOCl, highly reactive in acylation reactions.

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Anhydride

A functional group resulting from the condensation of two carboxylic acids with the removal of water, denoted as (RCO)2O, important in various chemical syntheses.

Match the image of a molecule with the name: Nitrile

A compound that contains a cyano group (R-C≡N), where a carbon atom is triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom, known for its applications in organic chemistry.